Urban

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Table 4: Labour Force Status of Primary Household Maintainer, for Aboriginal On-reserve Households

Alternate Title
[Appendix Tables for 2011 Census/National Household Survey Housing Conditions Series: Issue 8: Housing Conditions On-reserve Aboriginal Households]
[On-reserve Housing Conditions Online Appendix Tables]
Data » Tables
Author/Creator
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
Statistical table broken down into not in labour force, unemployed, employed full-time, and employed part-time in Canada as a whole as well as provinces and territories. Includes tab with tables' definitions and notes. Source: CMHC (National Household Survey-based housing indicators and data).
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Table 5: Household Incomes, for Aboriginal On-reserve Households

Alternate Title
[Appendix Tables for 2011 Census/National Household Survey Housing Conditions Series: Issue 8: Housing Conditions On-reserve Aboriginal Households]
[On-reserve Housing Conditions Online Appendix Tables]
Data » Tables
Author/Creator
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
Statistical table shows incomes and source of incomes for urban and rural areas in Canada as a whole, as well as provinces/territories. Includes tab with tables' definitions and notes. Source: CMHC (National Household Survey-based housing indicators and data).
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Table 6: Type of Dwelling and Average Number of Bedrooms for Aboriginal On-reserve Households

Alternate Title
[Appendix Tables for 2011 Census/National Household Survey Housing Conditions Series: Issue 8: Housing Conditions On-reserve Aboriginal Households]
[On-reserve Housing Conditions Online Appendix Tables]
Data » Tables
Author/Creator
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
Statistical table shows data for single-detached, apartments and other in rural and urban areas in Canada as a whole as well as provinces/territories. Includes tab with tables' definitions and notes. Source: CMHC (National Household Survey-based housing indicators and data).
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Table 8: Housing Adequacy and Suitability

Alternate Title
[Appendix Tables for 2011 Census/National Household Survey Housing Conditions Series: Issue 8: Housing Conditions On-reserve Aboriginal Households]
[On-reserve Housing Conditions Online Appendix Tables]
Data » Tables
Author/Creator
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
Statistical table broken down into above and below standards, below suitability and adequacy, and below both in urban and rural areas for Canada as a whole, as well as provinces/territories. Includes tab with tables' definitions and notes. Source: CMHC (National Household Survey-based housing indicators and data).
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Table 9: Adequacy- and Suitability-based Housing Need

Alternate Title
[Appendix Tables for 2011 Census/National Household Survey Housing Conditions Series: Issue 8: Housing Conditions On-reserve Aboriginal Households]
[On-reserve Housing Conditions Online Appendix Tables]
Data » Tables
Author/Creator
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
Statistical table broken down into living in/access to adequate and suitable, in housing need, below suitability, below adequacy, or both in urban and rural areas for Canada as a whole, as well as provinces/territories. Includes tab with tables' definitions and notes. Source: CMHC (National Household Survey-based housing indicators and data).
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Tackling First Nations Woes Needs United Effort

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
StarPhoenix, November 4, 2005, p. A13
Highlights the dysfunctional and atrocious living conditions on First Nations reserves, arguing that solutions must be locally driven and urban migration only creates different social issues.
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Tales from the Tenant: The Quest for Housing in a Colonized Country

Alternate Title
Finding Housing Off Reserve with Jim & Ella
Finding Housing on Reserve with Jim & Ella
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Francesca Fionda
Joshua Pawis-Steckley
no. 3
Two comics which illustrate the challenges associated with finding adequate housing both on and off reserve.
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TARP Toronto Aboriginal Research Project: Case Studies

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Kevin FitzMaurice
Don McCaskill
Jaime Cidro
Organizations included are Native Canadian Centre of Toronto, Toronto Council Fire Native Culture Centre, Nishnawbe Homes, Native Child and Family Services Toronto, 2-Spirited People of the 1st Nations, and Aboriginal Legal Services of Toronto. Topics such as mission and vision statement, organizational history and structure, emergence of key themes, and case study scenarios are discussed.
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Telling the Indian Urban: Representations in American Indian Fiction

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Carol Miller
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, Special Issue on American Indians and the Urban Experience, 1998, pp. 43-65
Statistics show that the Aboriginal population is significantly younger and growing more rapidly than the general population of the United States. Statistics also show that it is a population significantly poorer and more at risk in terms of accidents, suicides, homicides, and deaths linked to alcoholism.
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Ten-Year Experience of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic and Resource Challenges in Indigenous Children

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Anna Banerji
Chandrakant Shah
Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 22, no. 3, 2017, pp. 143-147
Study looked at 49 cases of FASD diagnosed at Anishnawbe Health Toronto (AHT) between 2002 and 2012. Multidisciplinary team assessed neurodevelopmental abnormalities, facial features and growth abnormalities, and inquired about maternal alcohol consumption, current custody and involvement with the criminal justice system.
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Terril Calder's Repercussions: Indigenizing the Civic Archive

Alternate Title
Brazil-Canada Knowledge Exchange Project: Developing Transnational Literacies ; August 2013
Indigenous Challenges and Opportunities in Canada and Brazil
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Jessica Jacobson-Konefall
Presents review and critique of film. Duration: 18:51.
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Thailand: Urban Migration and Hill Tribe Youth in Chiang Mai

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Kwanchewan Buadaeng
Indigenous Affairs, no. 3-4, Indigenous Youth, 2005, pp. 42-49
Looks at the history of urban migration and discusses livelihoods and tribal people dealing with situations encountered in a new environment. To access this article, scroll down to page 42.
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Therapeutic Landscapes of Home: Exploring Indigenous Peoples' Experiences of a Housing First Intervention in Winnipeg

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Dominic A. Alaazi
Jeffrey R. Masuda
Joshua Evans
Jino Distasio
Social Science and Medicine, vol. 147, December 2015, pp. 30-37
At Home/Chez Soi (AHCS) project was a mental health and homeless program which ran from 2009 to 2013. Four themes emerged from Interviews conducted with 14 participants: security, mobility, socio-cultural perceptions of home, and separation from ceremony. Suggests that Western model of "home" does not necessarily mesh with that of Aboriginals.
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"They Think You're Lying about Your Need": The Impact of Appearances on Health and Social Service Access for Aboriginal People in Canada

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Mike Evans
Kasondra White
Lawrence Berg
Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 34, no. 1, 2014, pp. 55-71
Describes participatory research project dealing with quality and accessibility of health services for urban residents in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. Interviews were conducted with 50 individuals from Penticton, Kelowna, and Vernon.
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Things Made Beautiful

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Renée Hulan
Canadian Literature, no. 180, Spring, 2004, pp. 127-129
Review of: green girl dreams Mountains by Marilyn Dumont and Rainbow Dancer by Heather Harris. Entire issue on one pdf. To access article, scroll to page 127.
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Thinking about Service Delivery: Aboriginal Providers, Universal Providers, and the Role of Friendship Centres

E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Nicholas Spence
Jerry White
Aboriginal Policy Research, vol. 8

Focuses on three research questions: which type of organization should supply services? what links or partnerships could be constructed between organizations in order to increase overall capacity and effectiveness? and what part could Friendship Centres play? Chapter from Exploring the Urban Landscape edited by Jerry P. White and Jodi Bruhn. Originally presented at the third annual Aboriginal Policy Research Conference, 2009.

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"This Hole in Our Heart": Urban Indian identity and the Power of Silence

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Deborah Davis Jackson
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 22, no. 4, Special Issue on American Indians and the Urban Experience, 1998, pp. 227-254
Second generation urban Native Americans speak about their childhood experiences and sense of identity as well as sense of conflict and loss caused by failing intergenerational transfer of tradition.
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Three Myths about Aboriginals in Cities

Alternate Title
Breakfast on the Hill Seminar Series
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Evelyn Peters
Discusses three misconceptions: that there is a large migration taking place from reserves and rural areas to urban centres, that once in these centres they become members of an impoverished ghetto, and that Aboriginals face huge challenges in building culture and community in urban settings.
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Thunder Bay Police Services Board Investigation: Final Report

E-Books
Author/Creator
Murray Sinclair

Investigation came about due to complaints by leaders from Nishnawbe Aski Nation, Grand Council Treaty 3 and the Rainy River First Nations that the Board was not responding to deaths and race-based violence against Indigenous peoples.

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Tight Shoe Night

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Carol K. Rachlin
Midcontinent American Studies Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, Indian Today, Fall, 1965, pp. 84-100
Looks at the organization of Indian society, the connection between rural and urban people and the opinion of young people in western Oklahoma.
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A Time of Change is Coming

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
Leader Post, May 28, 2007, p. B1
Discussion of land solutions and how these must be developed by and for the community.
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To Our Readers

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Don Eastwell
Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, March 1986, p. 2
Brief profile of the work of hostels in Australian urban centres for Aboriginal patients seeking alcohol abuse treatment.
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Toronto Numbers Low, Says Friendship Centre Exec [2001 Census]

Alternate Title
Toronto Numbers Low, Says Friendship Centre Executive
Articles » General
Windspeaker, vol. 20, no. 10, February 2003, p. 18
Contends that the federal government is not taking into account lack of participation by Aboriginals in formal surveys when assessing financial aid for the Toronto Friendship Centre.
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Toward a Pedagogy of Land: The Urban Context

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Sandra Styres
Celia Haig-Brown
Melissa Blimkie
Canadian Journal of Education, vol. 36, no. 2, Indigenous Education: Pathways to (Re)membering, 2013, pp. 34-67
Looks at bringing Indigenous knowledge into urban classrooms by connecting students to their worldviews, stories of place and the land.
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Towards A Deeper Understanding of the Indigenous Experience of Urban Homelessness

Alternate Title
Research on the Intergenerational Impact of Colonialism and Aboriginal Homelessness in Edmonton
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Blue Quills First Nations College
IRM Research and Evaluation Inc.
Study focused on: linkages between intergenerational trauma caused by residential schools and involvement in child protection systems and homelessness; the effect on sense of identity and connection to heritage; promising practices in providing supports and services; and life factors and experiences which mitigate effects of intergenerational trauma.
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Towards Improving Traditional Food Access for Urban Indigenous People

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Robyn Ermine
Rachel Engler-Stringer
Patricia Farnese
Glenda Abbott
Looks at legal context of regulating access to hunting, fishing and trapping and barriers to acquiring country foods and makes recommendations for improving traditional food practices at the community, provincial or regional, and federal levels.
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Towards Understanding and Supporting Marginalized Children and Youth in Ontario: The Case of Growing Up Indigenous

Alternate Title
Supports for Success
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Stephanie Elliott
Malaika Hill
James Iveniuk
Rumaisa Khan
Angela Mashford-Pringle
Emma Ware
Presents evidence gathered from focus groups involving youth, parents, service providers and community leaders, as well as statistical information, program inventory, and social network analysis. Focuses on indicators related to education, employment, health and mental health, and sense of belonging.
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Traditional Iroquois Socials: Maintaining Identity in the City

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Susan Applegate Krouse
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, Summer, 2001, pp. 400-408
Describes benefits of community events in the urban Native American community of Rochester, New York even though conflicts can arise.
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Traditional Musical Culture at the Native Canadian Centre in Toronto

Alternate Title
Traditional Musical Culture at the Native Canadian Center in Toronto
Articles » General
Author/Creator
Wendy Wickwire
Canadian Journal for Traditional Music, vol. 4, 1976, pp. 48-55
Discusses musical culture being revived by a group of Ojibwa Indians at an urban friendship centre in Toronto by examining elements that appear in the music.
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Trafficking of Aboriginal Women and Girls in Canada

Alternate Title
Aboriginal Policy Research Series (Institute on Governance)
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Anette Sikka
Aboriginal Policy Research

Discusses the exploitive circumstances of recruitment and how these methods fall within the definition of "trafficking in persons" under Canadian criminal law.

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