Assimilation

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Reconciliation through Education

Alternate Title
Reconciliation Through Indigenous Education: Unit 1 Introduction
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Jan Hare
Looks at the concepts, principles and complexities of reconciliation. Unit 1 of 6 in the Massive Open Online Course Reconciliation through Indigenous Education. Duration: 14:54.
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Reconciliation with Residential School Survivors: A Progress Report

E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Jim R. Miller
vol. 7

Brief discussion of how schools functioned, abuses that took place, churches and government's response to law suits, settlement agreements and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Chapter eight from A History of Treaties and Policies, which is vol. 7 in the Aboriginal Policy Research series. Originally presented at the third annual Aboriginal Policy Research Conference, 2009.

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Reconsidering Indian Schools

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Jon Reyhner
History of Education Quarterly, vol. 45, no. 4, Winter, 2005, pp. 636-642
Essay reviews: Battlefield and Classroom: An Autobiography by Richard Henry Pratt, edited by Robert M. Utley, and Assimilation's Agent: My Life as a Superintendent in the Indian Boarding School System by Edwin L. Chalcraft.
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Red Apples

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Richard C. Boutwell
William C. Low
Kristin Williams
Thomas Proffit
Journal of American Indian Education, vol. 12, no. 2, January 1973, pp. [11-14]
Surveys problems in education, conditions affecting academic standing and attitutudes about discrimination; researches whether differences between Native American and Non-Native American students found.
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Red Atlantis Revisited: Community and Culture in the Writings of John Collier

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
E. A. Schwartz
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 18, no. 4, Autumn, 1994, pp. 507-531
Article draws on Collier’s autobiography and other writings to explore perceptions of his ideals and and actions as an Indian Affairs agent in the USA during the New Deal era (early 1900s).
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The Red River Indian Mission School and John West's "Little Charges", 1820-1833

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Winona Stevenson
Native Studies Review, vol. 4, no. 1 & 2, 1988, pp. 129-165
Paper presents 3 objectives: to determine factors which encouraged the Hudson Bay Company and Church Missionary Society to offer education and Christian instruction to Indian children; to look at students experiences, acquisition and treatment; to assess changing priorities and focuses of educational programs in Rupertsland.
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Regulations Relating to the Education of Indian Children

Documents & Presentations
The file contains a book entitled "Regulations Relating to the Education of Indian Children" issued by the Government of Canada in 1908. The regulations deal with the role and responsibilities of Indian Agents in carrying out educational policy; sectarian schools; and related matters.

Historical note:

Harold Nelson Woodsworth served as an Indian Agent at a number of agencies in Saskatchewan.
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Remains of Children of Kamloops Residential School Discovered

Alternate Title
THIS SPACE HERE: Remains of Children of Kamloops Residential School Discovered.
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Anonymous
BC Studies, no. 210, Summer, 2021, pp. 7-10
Press release regarding the confirmation of buried Indigenous students near the Kamloops Indian Residential School. Includes a brief background of the school.
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"A Remedy for Barbarism": Indian Schools, the Civilizing Program, and the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Reservation, 1871-1915

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Clyde Ellis
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 18, no. 3, 1994, pp. 85-120
Views a past that demonstrates a strong belief in schools as a means to progress and how, of all the government programs, only education promised a complete assimilation for Aboriginal children.
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Remember The Children: Residential School Resource Centre

Archival » Collections (primary materials)
Author/Creator
National Residential School Survivors' Society (NRSSS)
Website includes photographs and documents about Residential and Day Schools from Ontario with plans for the rest of Canada to follow.
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Remembering Our Indian School Days: The Boarding School Experience

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Karl A. Hoerig
American Anthropologist, vol. 104, no. 2, June 2002, pp. 642-646
Exhibit review essay of: Remembering Our Indian School Days: The Boarding School Experience mounted by the Heard Museum, and the accompanying book Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Experiences by Margaret L. Archuleta, Brenda J. Child, K. Tsianina Lomawaima.
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Remembering the File Hills Farm Colony

Articles » General
Author/Creator
C. Drew Bednasek
Historical Geography, vol. 37, 2009, pp. 53-70
Researcher relates oral histories about members of the Peepeekisis Reserve concerning the experimental agricultural farm that was established to continue the work of the residential schools and to keep students from returning to their "uncivilized" ways.
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The Removal of Aboriginal Children: Canada and Australia Compared

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Antonio Buti
University of Western Sydney Law Review, vol. 2, 2002, p. [?]
Brief discussion of the history of the process, demands for reparations, and government responses; argues that general principle of justice demands that reparations must made.
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Reparations and the Question of Land

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Andrea Smith
Looks at a reparations movement among Indigenous Peoples in the United States, and discusses land-based struggles, financial compensation, and the boarding school project.
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Report on Industrial Schools For Indians and Half-Breeds

Alternate Title
Davin Report
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Nicholas Flood Davin
Report submitted in 1879 to the Canadian Minister of the Interior. Describes system used in the United States and makes recommendations regarding the possible establishment of similar institutions in the North-West Territories of the Dominion of Canada.
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Report on the Affairs of Indians in Canada

Alternate Title
Bagot Commission Report
Bagot Report
Journals of the Assembly of Upper Canada, 1844-1845, Appendix EEE;
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Rawson William Rawson
John Davidson
William Hepburn
Topics include: centralized administration, compensation for land surrendered to settlers, surveying reserve land, provision of livestock and agricultural implements and instruction in European faming methods, and using education as method of assimilation.
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[Residential School]

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Ken Badger]
Student relates his father's experiences during and after his time attending St. Michael's Indian Residential School in Duck Lake, Saskatchewan.
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Residential School Adapts To Modernday Needs

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Graham Guest
Denosa, Fall , 1983, pp. 7-9
The Beauval Indian Residential School beside the La Plonge River near Beauval adapts to modern day needs. A gymnasium, science laboratory and library are built. Page one, a picture of the school. Page two, a picture of the new gym and science laboratory. Page three, a jogger running, a student decorates a wall with traditional art, the new wing of the school (outside).
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Residential School: Canada's Shame

Alternate Title
Truth and Reconciliation: What Does It Mean?
Web Sites » Personal
Author/Creator
Shannon Thunderbird
Historical overview of the residential school system. Includes timeline, school listing in Canada, government apology and response.
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The Residential School Controversy: A Special Report

Alternate Title
Embarking upon a "Sensitive, Troubling and Painful Task"
Qu'Appelle Indian Industrial School (Lebret, Saskatchewan)
Andy Paull: "Champion of Indians Everywhere"
"The Gifted, Accomplished Brother Edmund O'Keeffe"
Attending Residential School for Twelve Years
Healing the Wounds: Controversy Over Native Residential
Articles » General
Author/Creator
Harold Cardinal
Jacqueline Gresko
Herbert Francis Dunlop
Basil H. Johnston
Marquerite Letourneau
Andrea Lang
Home Mission, vol. 10, no. 2, The Residential School Controversy: A Special Report, 1991

A special edition of the Home Mission Journal on residential schools.  

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Residential School: Impact on Aboriginal Students' Academic and Cognitive Development

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Rosemary Barnes
Nina Josefowitz
Ester Cole
Canadian Journal of School Psychology, vol. 21, no. 1/2, December 2006, pp. 18-32
Uses psychological research and theory to explain the consequences of the school system in terms of: poor academic performance and inability to continue education, which in turn affects employment opportunities and future income.
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A Residential School Legacy

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Anna Student
Discussion on the loss of language abilities of Indigenous children in the residential school system.
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Residential School Literature Review (1987-1997)

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Public History Inc.
"Our search produced 174 works which have been listed in the final bibliography. These include 39 books, 8 conference proceedings, one Internet site, 88 journal articles, four manuscripts, one play, one radio transcript, 14 reports, one sound recording, 11 theses and dissertations, and six videos."
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Residential Schooling at Fort Chipewyan and Fort Resolution 1874-1973

Alternate Title
Symposium on the History of the Oblates in Western and Northern Canada ; 2nd
[Centre for the Study of North American Religion Series; no. 1]
Articles » General
Author/Creator
Robert Carney
Western Oblate Studes, vol. 2, 1992, pp. [115-138]
Explores historical and contemporary issues at Holy Angels and St. Joseph's Schools.
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Residential Schools

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Erin Hanson
Brief history of the schools in Canada and the legacy of cultural abuse.
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Residential Schools and Aboriginal Parenting: Voices of Parents

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Jean Lafrance
Don Collins

Native Social Work Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, Aboriginal Children and Youth, Issues and Challenges, December 2003, pp. 104-125
Looks at the experiences of Aboriginal adults with the child welfare system and their concerns about the system. Also discussed are the effects that residential schools had on their parenting skills.
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