Report - 1885 on the north-western tribes of the Dominion of Canada
E-Books
Author/Creator
Committee on North-Western Tribes of the Dominion of Canada of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
Horatio Hale
Description
"Reports on the physical characters, languages, industrial and social condition of the North-western tribes of the Dominion of Canada," focuses on Blackfoot, Cree and Ojibwe/Ojibway, 1885 era.
An interview which discusses the negotiation of Treaty 8 at Fort Chipewyan, and promises made ; problems of insufficient land for trapping on Chipewyan Reserve ; and alcohol abuse among native people.
This 70 year old man describes the problem of getting old and having difficulty trapping, but his reluctance to move from the bush to the reserve at Wabasca.
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 1983, pp. 27-50
Description
Historical review of the Iroquois and the continuing dispute over inherent sovereign rights from the signing, in 1784, up to the appeal at the United Nations in 1945.
Jim Shot Both Sides, Head Chief of the Blood Reserve, Alberta tells his father's account of the signing of the Treaty #7and the promises made at that time.
Interviews with 13 residents of the Chipewyan Lake area of northern Alberta.- Stresses need for establishment of a reserve in this area, and promises made to them about this.- Describe various lifestyles including farming, trapping and fishing.- Shows how settlement patterns in remote areas have been influenced by the location of schools and stores.
Consists of an interview where she gives an account of native use of plants for medicine. She tells of prophecies concerning the arrival of the white man and general accounts of her life in the bush.
An interview discussing various topics: evidence given to the Office of Specific Claims and Research by Jim Black; signing of Treaty #7; an account of the CPR line being taken through Blackfoot Reserveterritory; a description of two murders: Frank Skynner killed by Scrapings, and Charcoal's murder of Medicine Pipe Stem; the surrender of Blackfoot Reserve land; and an understanding of land rights.
Joe Duquette, born 1904, on Mistawasis Reserve, never attended school, completely self-educated. Now Senator of F.S.I. and involved in teaching and counselling young people. He tells the story of his arranged marriage.
John Breretton describes what he knows of the history of some Alberta reserves including Saddle Lake, Washatanow, and Blue Quills. He talks about conflicts resulting from amalgamation.
Interview includes a description of traditional life style and the life of settlers on the prairies. It also includes stories of theft and murder by Indians.
Consists of an interview with Josephine Beaucage where she gives an account of trapping in the woods as well as an account of the preparation of hides.
Lawrence Tobacco, born 1919, on the Poor Man Reserve, Saskatchewan He attended a residential school and is now involved in traditional education and counseling. He talks about farming and raising cattle on the Poor Man Reserve; shares a story of a trip he took to Winnipeg to sell cattle for a number of reserves in the File Hills area, and how Indian Affairs officials tried to bribe him with part of the proceeds of the sale; shares stories of defiance toward Dept.
She was born on the Little Pine Reserve, the first girl from that reserve to attend high school. She tells of some childhood memories; naming ceremonies; significance of Indian names; the training of children, especially girls; menarche seclusion; women: influence of, in religion and ceremonialism, pregnancy; her education: traditional; experiences in Anglican boarding school (integrated) in Saskatoon; training for roles as wife and mother.
An interview which discusses the signing of Treaty 8: understanding of promises made, the establishment of Wood Buffalo Natural Park, and the need for a reserve at Fort Chipewyan for trapping and hunting.
Interview includes a story of an evil spirit which caused an epidemic that killed many people. She also tells of the sale of their reserve and the subsequent moves to Sweet Grass Reserve and then to Moosomin Reserve.
Discussion on problems of the younger generation, including alcoholism. Also discussed ways in which parents and elders can help by instructing children and young people and by maintaining the Indian religion.
Mrs. Adams is a retired white schoolteacher and was 69 years old at the time of the interview. She tells of her induction as an honorary chief of the Blackfoot reserve and shares her experiences among the Blackfoot.
Consists of an interview where she tells of one of her ancestors, captured during the War of 1812, married into the tribe. Early organizer of native groups in Toronto.
Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 3, no. 2, 1983, pp. 245-275
Description
Reviews the establishment of reserves in Ontario, differences in mineral rights and the implications of the 1924 Canada-Ontario Indian Reserve Lands Agreement.
Ada Ladu was born on the Mistawasis Reserve, worked for wages in the 1930s, married and mother of five. Beatrice Nightraveller, daughter of Josie Cuthand, was born on the Little Pine Reserve, Saskatchewan, worked for wages in the 1930s, also married with five children.They share: a story of a white baby girl abducted and raised by Indians in the Prince Albert, Saskatchewan district; accounts of the Riel Rebellion (1885), especially the aftermath in the North Battleford district; philosophies of child-rearing; loss of portions of Little Pine Reserve and the death of Little Pine.
This 75 year old man describes changes brought about by Treaty #8; promises of reserve at Prairie Lake; and confusion over treaty status of many northern people.
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 1983, pp. 3-28
Description
Evaluates the effects of several reform movements that challenged Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) domination over Native American reservation communities in the 1970's.