Smallpox

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Averting Disaster: The Hudson's Bay Company and Smallpox in Western Canada During the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries

Alternate Title
Averting Disaster: The Hudson's Bay Company and Smallpox in Western Canada During the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Paul Hackett
Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 78, no. 3, 2004, pp. 575-609
Argues that Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) served as a de facto public health agency and by the late 1830s provided an effective vaccination campaign covering most of western Canada.
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The Biological Encounter: Disease and the Ideological Domain

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
William A. Starna
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 16, no. 4, Shamans and Preachers, Color Symbolism and Commercial Evangelism: Reflections on Early Mid-Atlantic , Autumn, 1992, pp. 511-519
Author discusses Indigenous medical practices; lists some maladies that were effectively treated using Indigenous medicine and notes those diseases brought from Europe for which Indigenous peoples had no treatment.
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Biological Warfare in Eighteenth-Century North America: Beyond Jeffery Amherst

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Elizabeth A. Fenn
Journal of American History, vol. 86, no. 4, March 2000, pp. 1552-1580

Discusses the controversy over whether the British general deliberately distributed blankets infected with smallpox as a method of decimating the population of Delaware, Shawnee, and Mingo Indians surrounding Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania during Pontiac's War.

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Book Review

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Rob Nestor
Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, 1998, pp. 166-169
Book review of: The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essay on Colonialism and Geographical Change by Cole Harris.
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Butler’s “Great Lone Land”

Articles » General
Author/Creator
McGregor Hone
Saskatchewan History, vol. 6, no. 1, Winter, 1953, pp. 24-29
Describes Lieut. William Francis Butler’s journey, in the winter of 1870, to distribute small pox medicines and instructions for treatment of the disease to people and communities between the Red River Settlement and the Rockies; includes some details about Cree, Métis, and Blackfoot peoples. Entire issue on one pdf file, scroll to page 24.
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Direct European Immigrant Transmission of Old World Pathogens to Numic Indians during the Nineteenth Century

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Richard W. Stoffle
Kristine L. Jones
Henry F. Dobyns
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 2, Spring, 1995, pp. 181-203
Examines the writings of Brigham Young to reconstruct some of the epidemiological events that affected Indigenous people in what is now Utah while was being colonized.
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Escape From Catastrophe: The Saami's Experience With Smallpox in Eighteenth- and Early-Nineteenth-Century Sweden

Alternate Title
Escape From Catastrophe: The Sami's Experience With Smallpox in Eighteenth- and Early-Nineteenth-Century Sweden
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Peter Sköld
Social Science History, vol. 21, no. 1, Spring, 1997, pp. 1-25
Describes interaction with the smallpox epidemics that swept through Europe, why the exposure took until then, what happened when it was introduced, and explains the differences from the non-Sami population.
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First Contact: Smallpox "a sickness that no medicine could cure, and no person escape"

Alternate Title
You are Asked to Witness: The Stó:lō in Canada's Pacific Coast History
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Keith Thor Carlson
Looks at the clinical features of the disease, the spread of the disease, its effects on the Stó:lō people, and how they coped with the social and cultural impact of losing so many members of their nation. Chapter two from You are Asked to Witness: The Stó:lō in Canada's Pacific Coast History edited by Keith Thor Carlson.
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First Nations Only Too Familiar With Pandemics

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
Star-Phoenix, May 1, 2009, p. A11
Discusses the long history First Nations people have had with epidemics often due to crowded living conditions and poverty.
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Ikwe

Alternate Title
Daughters of the Country
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Norma Bailey
Through the eyes of a young Ojibwe woman this film illustrates one down side of contact between cultures, the introduction of small pox and its dire impact on Native Americans. Duration:57:00.
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Let the Journey Continue ...

Web Sites » Organizations
Author/Creator
Colleen Seymour
Kathy Michel
Dodie Eustache
Leah McNabb
Ken Thomas ... [et al.]
History of the Secwepemc people of British Columbia. Timeline links to information and audio for specific periods, with further links to more detailed information. Very useful for classroom instruction.
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Medical Diplomacy and the American Indian: Thomas Jefferson, the Lewis and Clark Expedition, and the Subsequent Effects on American Indian Health and Public Policy

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
J. Diane Pearson
Wicazo Sa Review, vol. 19, no. 1, Spring, 2004, pp. 105-130
The introduction of western medicine to Native Americans during the 1804 Lewis and Clark Expedition and the implications for Native American health and policy in the United States.
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Mortality From Smallpox: The 1780s Epidemic in the Hudson's Bay Region

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Ann M. Carlos
Frank D. Lewis
Explorations in Economic History, vol. 49, no. 3, July 2012, pp. 277-290
Analysis and reassessment of the claim of 60 to 90% mortality rates, due to small pox. Three approaches were used to evaluate the likely rates of mortality due to small pox and the results conclude that the percent is more likely under 20%.
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North American Indians

E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Aborigines Protection Society
Section from Report of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Aboriginal Tribes, British Settlements by the Aborigines Protection Society. Relevant materials found on pages 5-8.
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The Northwest Coast

Alternate Title
Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Peter H. Stephenson
Steven Acheson
Focuses on the peoples of the northern area of the Northwest Coast including Alaska, Washington, Oregon and British Columbia. Chapter from Volume 2 of Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures edited by Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember.
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Objets ethnographiques associés aux Inuit du Labrador exhibés en Europe en 1880

Alternate Title
Ethnographic Objects Associated with the Labrador Inuit Who Were Exhibited in Europe in 1880
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
France Rivet
Études Inuit Studies, vol. 42, no. 1, Arctic Collections and Museology: Presentations, Disseminations, and Interpretations, 2018, pp. 137-159
Article discusses the collections of Inuit artifacts and remains being held in European museums including the nature and provenance of the items.
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Parable of the Hummingbird

Alternate Title
Widening Our Lens, Connecting Our Practice
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas
Uses a story to illustrate that every action counts. Speaker at the 2nd International Conference on Restorative Practices: Widening Our Lens, Connecting Our Practice, May 31st-June 5th, 2009 in Vancouver, British Columbia. Duration: 20:53.
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A Pox on Our Nation

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Christopher J. Rutty
Canada's History, vol. 95, no. 1, February-March 2015, pp. 28-35
Traces the spread of smallpox and the effects on the Aboriginal population of North America.
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Rationalizing Epidemics: Meaning and Uses of American Indian Mortality since 1600

Alternate Title
Evolving Disparities: Native American Versus National Disease Response Rates and Their Explanatory Models
Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Joan Weibel-Orlando
Current Anthropology, vol. 47, no. 4, August 2006, pp. 699-700
Book review of: Rationalizing Epidemics: Meaning and Uses of American Indian Mortality since 1600 by David S. Jones.
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