Treaty 6

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Presentations Breathe Life Into Treaty 6

Alternate Title
Presentations Breathe Life Into Treaty Six
Articles » General
Author/Creator
Kira Olfert
Eagle Feather News, vol. 15, no. 6, June 2012, pp. A-8
Comments on a program designed to give students a chance to better understand what treaty means. Article located by scrolling to page A-8.
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Primrose Lake Air Weapons Range Report: Cold Lake First Nations Rejected Claim Inquiry, Canoe Lake Cree Nation Rejected Claim Inquiry

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding the loss of 4500 square miles of land by the two First Nations. ICC found breaches of Treaty and other fiduciary obligations and recommended the claim be negotiated under Canada's Specific Claims Policy. Commissioners include: Harry S. LaForme, Daniel J. Bellegarde, and P. E. James Prentice. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]
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Primrose Lake Air Weapons Range Report II: Joseph Bighead First Nation Inquiry, Buffalo River First Nation Inquiry, Waterhen Lake First Nation Inquiry, Flying Dust First Nation Inquiry

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Final Report examines historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding loss of traditional land use when Canada created the bombing range; breach of Treaty by the Crown and failure to provide economic compensation. ICC recommended the claim be negotiated under the Specific Claims Policy except for the Joseph Bighead First Nation whose claim had been properly rejected by the Minister. Commissioners include: Daniel J. Bellegarde and P.E. James Prentice.
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Prior to the Negotiations

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Louis Rain
Richard Lightning
Richard Price
Indian History Film Project
An overall summary of Treaty #6, the hows and whys of the difference in interpretation between Indian and non-Indian, based on field interviews and historical documents.
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Promises Worth Keeping

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Harold Johnson
Justice as Healing , vol. 2, no. 1, Spring, 1997, p. [?]
Discusses the role of economics in the criminal justice system. Note: This is a sample article from the publication. Subscriptions are available from the Native Law Centre.
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R. v. Sundown, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 393

Alternate Title
Her Majesty The Queen v. John Sundown Respondent and The Attorney General of Quebec, the Attorney General of Manitoba and the Attorney General for Alberta Interveners
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Supreme Court of Canada
Decision by the Supreme Court of Canada about treaty rights, and the building of a log cabin in a provincial park.
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Rapport sur L'Enquête Relative aux Revendications de Cold Lake Polygone de Tir Aérien de Primrose Lake

Alternate Title
Primrose Lake Air Weapons Report: Cold Lake First Nations Rejected Claim Inquiry, Canoe Lake Cree Nation Rejected Claim Inquiry (French Language Version)
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding the loss of 4500 square miles of land by the two First Nations. ICC found breaches of Treaty and other fiduciary obligations and recommended the claim be negotiated under Canada's Specific Claims Policy. French language version. Commissioners include: Harry S. LaForme, Daniel J. Bellegarde, and P. E. James Prentice. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]
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Reader's Theatre: Grade 2 Social Studies: The Signing of Treaty Six

Alternate Title
Reader's Theatre: The Signing of Treaty 6 FNMI
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Jade Ballek
Melissa Lander

Four scenes, each taking place at a different location (Ottawa, Fort Garry, outside Fort Carleton and Fort Carleton) and involving individuals significant to the negotiations such as Governor Alexander Morris, James McKay, Chief Ahatahkakoop, Chief Mistawasis, Poundmaker and Peter Erasmus. Includes discussion questions and short biographies.

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Red Pheasant

Alternate Title
Loyal till Death: Indians and the North-West Rebellion
Images » Photographs
Portrait sketch of Red Pheasant. Caption: "In 1878 Red Pheasant selected a reserve in the Eagle Hills, south of the territorial capital at Battleford, Saskatchewan. From the book Loyal till Death: Indians and the North-West Rebellion by Blair Stonechild and Bill Waiser.
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Report of the Mediation of the Sturgeon Lake First Nation Treaty Land Entitlement Negotiations

Alternate Title
Indian Claims Commission: Report of the Mediation of the Sturgeon Lake First Nation Treaty Land Entitlement Negotiations
E-Books
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
p. 19
Summary of a ratified settlement of $10.4 million in compensation, with authorization to purchase 38 thousand acres of land. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]
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Report on the Mediation of the Moosomin First Nation 1909 Reserve Land Surrender

E-Books
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding the mediation process that helped bring the negotiations between Canada and the First Nation to a successful conclusion over the 1909 land surrender issues related to IR 112 and 112A. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]
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Rethinking Treaty Six in the Spirit of Mistahi Maskwa (Big Bear)

Alternate Title
Rethinking Treaty 6 in the Spirit of Mistahi Musqua (Big Bear)
Rethinking Treaty No. 6 in the Spirit of Mistahai Maskwa (Big Bear)
Rethinking Treaty No. Six in the Spirit of Mistahi Maskwa (Big Bear)
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Neal McLeod
Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, 1999, pp. 69-89
Examines Treaty 6 through the struggle of Cree leader, Mistahi Maskwa, and his fight for better terms.
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Riel et la Naissance du Manitoba - 1921.

Documents & Presentations
A brochure (en francais) put out by L'Union Nationale Metisse Saint-Joseph du Manitoba in commemoration of Louis Riel's contribution towards the birth of Manitoba. Contains historical information on the Red River Resistance of 1869-1870 from an early twentieth century Metis perspective as well as historical notes on the Metis of the North West by Judge L.A. Prudhomme.
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Robert Goodvoice 1

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Robert Goodvoice
Indian History Film Project
Robert Goodvoice tells a story of the Sioux Indians' first contact with Europeans and prophecies regarding the Europeans. He gives accounts of the 1851 Treaty made at Fort Laramie between the Sioux and the American Government and of the 1862 Minnesota Massacre. He also tells of the establishment of the Wahpaton (Round Plain) Reserve in Saskatchewan, and its chiefs.
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Robert Goodvoice 3

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Robert Goodvoice
Indian History Film Project
He gives an account of the Sioux participation in the War of 1812 on the side of the British, and the Sioux interpretation of the reward promised them by the British Crown; tells the history and whereabouts of the King George III medals given to the Sioux for their loyalty to the British Crown during the War of 1812; tells the story of two Sioux chiefs who were kidnapped in Manitoba and returned to the United States, presumably for their part in the 1862 Sioux uprising (Minnesota Massacre); tells of the dispersal of the Sioux in their flight from the U.S.
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Robert Goodvoice 5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Robert Goodvoice
Indian History Film Project
He tells stories of treachery by Americans against the Sioux who had fled to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan after the 1862 Minnesota Massacre, including distribution of disease-infested clothing and food. NOTE: Attempt to verify with R.C.M.P. records. He also sings and explains a very old Dakota song sung by children when rabbit-hunting.
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Robert Goodvoice 8

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Robert Goodvoice
Indian History Film Project
He gives an account of the 1862 Minnesota Massacre and, in its aftermath, the movement of a group of Sioux (Dakota) to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan under the leadership of Tarasota (?). He also gives an account of the 1885 Riel Rebellion and its effect on the Sioux (Dakota) living in the Prince Albert, Saskatchewan district.
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Robert Smallboy Interview

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Robert Smallboy
Abraham Burnstick
Indian History Film Project
The promises that were exchanged in Treaty #6 ; present day control of Indians by Dept. of Indian Affairs.
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The Role of the Elders

Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Cynthia Block
Looks at the key teachings from Elders: respect, kindness, love, forgiveness, integrity and patience. Also discusses the Circle of Life Duration: 15:07.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: Presentation by Brian Tootoosis and Lawrence Sweeney, Councilors, Poundmaker Band

Alternate Title
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples - Transcriptions of Public Hearings and Round Table Discussions
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Brian Tootoosis
Lawrence Sweeney
File contains a presentation by Brian Tootoosis and Lawrence Sweeney, Councilors, Poundmaker Band. Tootoosis discusses his peoples views towards the Canadian Federation, the Treaties, the Indian Act, questions of self-governance, Bill C-31, and the contribution of his people to Canada. Sweeney, a veteran, discusses his organization the Saskatchewan Indian Veterans Association and how status Indian veterans were not given the benefits awarded to Non-Aboriginal and Metis veterans.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: Presentation by Fourth Vice-Chief Tom Iron, Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations

Documents & Presentations
File contains a presentation by Fourth Vice-Chief Tom Iron of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations. Iron presents on health care, and specifically what it means to the FSIN in the Treaty Six area. He discusses the paramount importance of the treaties, and their meaning to Saskatchewan First Nations. He also discusses some of the Health provisions in Treaty no. Six. Following the presentation Commissioner Chartrand discusses the FSIN defintion of "nation" with Iron.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: Presentation by James Favel and Bill Swimmer

Alternate Title
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples - Transcriptions of Public Hearings and Round Table Discussions
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
James Favel
Bill Swimmer
File contains a presentation by James Favel and Bill Swimmer, both of the Strike Them on the Back band, currently part of the Sweetgrass First Nation. Favel remarks that the Department of Indian Affairs forced the Strike Them on the Back Band to amalgamate with the Sweetgrass Band, and gave control to the Sweetgrass council which now ignores the Strike on the Back members concerns.
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Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples: Presentation by Rodney Gold, Tribal Chief, and Eric Burt, Executive Director, Confederation of Tribal Nations

Alternate Title
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples - Transcriptions of Public Hearings and Round Table Discussions
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Rodney Gold
File contains presentations by Rodney Gold, Tribal Chief, and Eric Burt, Executive Director, of the Confederation of Tribal Nations. Gold presents on self-governance and self-determination issues, specifically with regard to placing them within the context of the treaty relationship. Following this, Eric Burt delivers a presentation on the Canada Round talks leading to the Charlottetown Accord with reference to self-governance, and explains how he views those developments going forth in the aftermath of its rejection via referendum.
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Saddle Lake Interviews

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Richard Lightning
Indian History Film Project
Nine elders in discussion at Saddle Lake Reserve. They talk about aspects of life before contact with whites, Treaty #6, the history of amalgamations and land sales, and a traditional story of a boy raised by buffalo.
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Samuel Buffalo 2

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Samuel Buffalo
Indian History Film Project
He gives a concise history of the Dakota Sioux and their movement to Canada.COMMENTS: Mr. Buffalo makes a point to spell out all the names or words he speaks in the Dakota language. All the spellings come from his reference.
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Saskatchewan Common Table Processes: Framework for Governance of Treaty First Nations Between Her Majesty in Right of Canada as Represented by the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Her Majesty in Right of Saskatchewan as Represented by the Minister of Intergovernmental and Aboriginal Affairs and Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations as Represented by the Chief of the Federation

Documents & Presentations
Agreement to negotiate a framework required to reach an Umbrella Governance and Fiscal Agreement.
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Saskatchewan Leads the Nation in Treaty Education in Schools

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Andréa Ledding
Eagle Feather News, vol. 12, no. 11, November 2009, p. 10
Comments on the importance, and success, of Treaty Education in Saskatchewan for kindergarten to Grade 12 students. Article located by scrolling to page 10.
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Shelter and Housing as Treaty Provisions

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Treaties and Historical Research Centre, [Indian and Northern Affairs Canada]

Looks at whether any clauses in treaties could be interpreted to apply to housing by using excerpts from treaty negotiations conducted for Treaty Nos. 1, 3, 5 and 6, as found in The Treaties of Canada with the Indians of Manitoba and the North-West Territories by Alexander Morris.

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Simon Watchmaker Interview

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Simon Watchmaker
Louis P. Crier
Phillip Soosay
Indian History Film Project
Describes in some detail the scene at Fort Pitt when Treaty #6 was signed.
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St. Barnabas School — Onion Lake, SK

Alternate Title
Anglican Residential Schools
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
General Synod Archives
Anglican Church of Canada
Contains a brief history and chronology of St. Barnabas School in Onion Lake, SK.
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The Story of Paspasces

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Stan Cuthand
Saskatchewan Indian, April 1988, p. 17
Biography of Paspasces (Woodpecker) of the Plains Cree.
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Study of Passes for Indians to Leave Their Reserves

Alternate Title
Bennett, B., "Passes for Indians to Leave Reserves"
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
B. Bennett
Cites many letters between government officials, NWMP officers and Canadian Army officers regarding passes and concludes these passes certainly existed. Passes came into existence after the 1885 resistance. Evidence of their use was only found in Treaty 4, 6 and 7 territories, and it cannot be certain they were used in every agency. Author states evidence indicates passes were used as late as the 1930s, but no sources are given.
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Sturgeon Lake First Nation: 1913 Surrender Inquiry

E-Books
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Examines the validity of a surrender given that a majority of the eligible voters had not been present at the 1913 surrender meeting. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]
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Sturgeon Lake First Nation Inquiry: Red Deer Holdings Agricultural Lease

E-Books
Author/Creator
Indian Claims Commission
Historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding whether Canada breached its duties to the Band in 1982 by failing to comply with the Indian Act provisions for leasing reserve land. However, ICC may only hear claims rejected by Canada 15 or more years ago. ICC did recommend the "15-year rule" be repealed. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]
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Summary of Elders' Interviews -- Support from Anthropological Sources

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Lynne Hickey
Indian History Film Project
Author uses various anthropological and historical sources to throw some light on the way in which the Indians of the Treaty 6 and 7 regions might have interpreted the treaty promises.
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Summary of Elders' Interviews, Treaty 6

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Lynn Hickey
Indian History Film Project
A summary of what the Treaty #6 elders have said in interviews about the nature of the treaty and the rights guaranteed to the Indian people by treaty.
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