Canadian Historical Review, vol. 53, no. 3, September 1972, pp. 272-288
Description
Discusses how officials excluded the blacks from campaigns promoting settlement in the West, resisted their attempts to take advantage of liberal customs, homestead, and citizenship regulations, and eventually closed the border to them completely.
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 4, Autumn, 1985, pp. 385-410
Description
Examines the American Indigenous population's direct and indirect involvement in the US Civil War and its aftermath. The Confederate army courted Indigenous groups due to their tactical location and as a source for more troops.