American Indian Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 3, Summer, 1993, pp. 319-327
Description
Illustrates how Blackfeet author James Welch uses small surprises, ambiguities, and arguable resolutions to end his novels, thus avoiding the open-and-shut case ending.
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 1, Winter, 1993, pp. 45-67
Description
Literary Criticism article in which the author examines the place-based and relational nature of Indigenous spiritual practices, and the treatment of these in the McNickle’s novel.
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 17, no. 1, 1993, pp. 7-30
Description
Discussion of shadow literature and the language of Indigenous poets and novelists could be the "new ghost dance literature," that is, literature that encourages survival.
Wicazo Sa Review, vol. 9, no. 2, Autumn, 1993, pp. 37-43
Description
Argues that sovereignty is the glue that binds communities together and that the characters in James Welch's novels respond to an Indigenous specific concept of sovereignty.