Identifying and Quantifying Métis 'Élite': An Analysis of Relative Wealth, Based on Red River Settlement Censuses of 1835

Uses primary source which recorded heads of households, their age, religion, country of origin, martial status, number of offspring, and agricultural data (livestock numbers, kind and number of buildings and number of cultivated acres). Concludes that at that point in time, the socio-economic structure of the Red River Settlement was not necessarily arranged in a hierarchy with a powerful settler élite at its apex.