Mascots

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American Indian Issues: An Introductory and Curricular Guide for Educators

Alternate Title
Wild Rivers Teaching American History Project
Web Sites » Organizations
Author/Creator
[Gayle Olson-Raymer
Anne Hartline
Sophie Huntington
David Riesenfeld]

Contains links to historical overview and nine lesson plans, including: Mascots, Symbols, and Name; Federal Indian Policy: Historical Roots and 19th Century Policies; Indian Boarding Schools; Red Power; and American Indian Tribal Gaming.

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The American Indian Mascot

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Carol Huben
Shows how harmful mascots are to the American Indian people. Capstone Experience Manuscript--Commonwealth Honors College, 2011.
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Are North American Sports Fans Offended by the Redskins Team Name? A Demographic Analysis

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Brandon Lang
Canadian Journal of Native Studies, vol. 38, no. 2, 2018, pp. 19-39
Analyzes data from surveys collected at 6 professional sporting events to understand which selected social groupings hold which opinions. Results show that university graduates and political liberals are more offended by the team name Redskins than non-university graduates and political conservatives.
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Beyond the Cheers: Race as Spectacle in College Sport

Alternate Title
SUNY Series on Sport, Culture, and Social Relations
E-Books
Author/Creator
C. Richard King
Charles Fruehling Springwood
See chapter three: "Kill the Indians, Save the Chief": Native American Mascots and Imperial Identities".
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Borrowing Power: Racial Metaphors and Pseudo-Indian Mascots

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
C. Richard King
CR: The New Centennial Review, vol. 4, no. 1, Spring, 2004, pp. 189-209
Analysis of pseudo-Indian mascots and anti-Indian symbols in sports, arguing they offer, sometimes in a powerful way, insights into race and race relations.
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Chief Illiniwek: Dignified or Damaging?

Alternate Title
Native Chicago
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Joseph P. Gone

Discusses controversy over the use of Chief Illiniwek as a mascot at the University of Illinois. Chapter from book: Native Chicago edited by Terry Straus.

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'Chief Illiniwek' Does His Last Dance

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Tim Giago
Indigenous Policy Journal , vol. 18, no. 1, Spring, 2007
Discusses the use of human beings as mascots and the reasons why the University of Illinois dropped its Indian mascot.
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Dear Readers

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Carrie Billy
Tribal College Journal of American Indian Higher Education, vol. 20, no. 3, Tribal Athletes Fight for Their Place, Spring, 2009, p. 3
Author addresses the issue of sports teams portraying Native Americans and culture as objects or mascots, and discusses the impact it has on people.
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Debating Cultural Appropriation

Alternate Title
Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked the World
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Teachrock

Lesson plan focuses on what cultural appropriation is, how it affects Indigenous peoples and whether it should be regulated by law.

Accompanying Material: Student Version.

Developed in conjunction with the documentary Rumble: The Indians Who Rocked the World.

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Exploitation of American Indian Symbols: A First Amendment Analysis

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Joseph J. Hemmer Jr.
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 2, Spring, 2008, pp. 121-140
Author argues that the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States doctrines contain no legal basis for regulating or eliminating the use of Indigenous symbols, images, or stereotypes as mascots or logos in sports and/or business.
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From Student to Teacher in Thirty-Four Years

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Richie Plass
American Indian Quarterly , vol. 27, no. 1/2, Special Issue: Native Experiences in the Ivory Tower, Winter-Spring, 2003, pp. 373-375
Author recounts major events in his life and how those events were affected by racism in academic institutions.
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From the Tomahawk Chop to the Road Block: Discourses of Savagism in Whitestream Media

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Daniel Morley Johnson
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 35, no. 1, Winter, 2011, pp. 104-134
Examines how the media perpetuates stereotypes and inaccurate generalizations about Indigenous peoples such as the misrepresentation of racist sports mascots and related imagery; and looks at the discourses of Savagism with regard to news coverage of anticolonial direct action and the reclamation of land by sovereign Indigenous peoples and nations.
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Indigenous Voice and Vision as Commodity in a Mass-Consumption Society: The Colonial Politics of Public Opinion Polling

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
D. Anthony Tyeeme Clark
American Indian Quarterly , vol. 29, no. 1/2, Winter-Spring, 2005, pp. 228-238
Commentary article critiques the ethics and methods of public opinion polls which claim to represent the sentiments of Indigenous peoples surround sports team names and mascots that draw on the imagery of Indigenous peoples and cultures.
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Legislative Efforts to Eliminate Native-Themed Mascots, Nicknames, and Logos: Slow but Steady Progress Post-APA Resolution

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Jesse A. Steinfeldt
Lisa Rey Thomas
Mattie R. White
Communique, Special Section: Indigenous Peoples: Promoting Psychological Healing and Well-Being, August 2010, pp. xlviii-liv
Describes recent legislation towards the eradication of Native American themed mascots, nicknames, and logos. Entire issue on one pdf. To access article, scroll to page xlviii.
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The "Mascotting" of Native America: Construction, Commodity, and Assimilation

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Jason Edward Black
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 4, Autumn, 2002, pp. 605-622
Author uses their position as a graduate of Florida State University (where members of the University community are referred to as Seminoles) to consider the constructs and consequences that result from Universities appropriating Indigenous names and cultural images.
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The Native American Mascot Controversy: A Handbook

Alternate Title
American Indian Imagery and the Miseducation of America
Defensive Dialogues: Native American Mascots, Anti-Indianism, and Educational Institutions
Putting the Moccasin on the Other Foot: A Media History of the "Fighting Whities"
The Problems with Native American Mascots
What the "Fighting Sioux" Tells Us about White People
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Laurel R. Davis
Robert Jensen
Ellen J. Staurowsky
C. Richard King
Bruce E. Johansen
Selection of essays from the book.
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Native Narratives: The Representation of Native Americans in Public Broadcasting

Alternate Title
American Archive of Public Broadcasting
Web Sites » Organizations
Author/Creator
Library of Congress
GBH Archiv
Sally Smith

Looks at radio and television coverage of key events or issues in both non-Native American-produced and Native American-created programs found in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting collection. Divided into five sections: (Mis)Representations of Native Americans; Termination, Relocation, and Restoration; The American Indian Movement; Native Americans in Contemporary News Media; and Visual Sovereignty: Native-Created Public Media.

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“Playing Indian,” Power, and Racial Identity in American Sport: Gerald R. Gems' “The Construction, Negotiation, and Transformation of Racial Identity in American Football”

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
C. Richard King
Charles Fruehling Springwood
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 23, no. 2, 1999, pp. 127-131
Argues that Gerald R. Gems overestimates the importance of playing football, neglects the significance of "playing Indian" and thereby supports a racial stereotype.
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