Treaty 6

Index to reports on Treaties, including historical Treaties. Also provides recommended format for citing these on-line reports.

A historical cairn at Lebret, SK in the Qu'Appelle Valley. Commemorates the Qu'Appelle Mission of the 19th Century and the various schools and Church institutions there.

Review essay on: The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7 by Treaty 7 Elders and Tribal Council with Walter Hildebrandt, Sarah Carter, and Dorothy First Rider. Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties by Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller, and Frank Tough. Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior by William C. Wicken.

Describes context and events surrounding the negotiation of Treaty No. 6.

Includes reports for Athabasca Denesuline Inquiry, the Fond du Lac claim, Black Lake and Hatchet Lake First Nations; Lax Kw'alaams Indian Band Inquiry and claim, Young Chipeewayan Inquiry, claim regarding Stoney Knoll Indian Reserve No. 107, Micmacs of Gesgapegiag Inquiry, claim to Horse Island, Chippewas of the Thames Inquiry, Muney Land Claim.

Reports include the Athabasca Denesuline Inquiry, Lax Kw'alaams Indian Band Inquiry, Young Chipeewayan Inquiry, Micmacs of Gesgapegiag Inquiry, Chippewas of the Thames Inquiry and responses from the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

The program of the Indian Diamond Jubilee celebration commemorating the signing of Treaty no. 6 at Carlton, Saskatchewan, August 11 - 12, 1936. The ceremony was attended by Baron and Lady Tweedsmuir from England. There were hymns, songs by local bands, and several presentations to and by First Nations leaders. There was also a dramatic re-enactment of part of the treaty negotiations in which Chief Sam Swimmer, Chief Joseph Dreaver, Joseph Johnson, Norman Johnson, George Bird and Harry Dreaver all took part.

Treaty basis for hunting rights.

Brief description of theTreaties that were concluded between 1871 and 1877.

Historical background and submission to the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding Canada's obligations to the First Nation concerning the surrender of IR 112 and 112A in 1909. ICC recommended that the claim be accepted for negogiation under the Specific Claims Policy. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical background, issues, and recommendations from an Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine whether Crown fulfilled its obligation to provide reserve land to bands under Treaty 6. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical background, submissions and recommendations from the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine the appropriate date to use for the population count for Treaty land entitlement purposes. ICC found the date of first survey (1887) to be the appropriate date and recommended the two parties pursue research to determine the population figure. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical overview of First Nations treaty signatory, Ahtahkakoop, who as part of his strategy to ensure future generations’ success, adopted the white man’s religion, education and agricultural pursuits.

Entire issue on one pdf. To access article scroll to p.34.

Establishment of the Montana, Louis Bull, Samson and Ermineskin Reserves. Taking of Treaty #6 and the establishment of agriculture.

Discusses taking of Treaty #6 and the promises made by the government as well as changes in diet and trade resulting from initial contact with non-Indians.

Final Report regarding the James Smith Cree Nation's claim challenging the validity of the surrender and sale of the Chakastaypasin Band's Indian Reserve (IR) 98. Commissioners include: Renée Dupuis and Alan C. Holman. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Historical background, analysis and recommendations from the Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine the validity of the surrender and sale of Indian Reserve (IR) 98. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Contents include historical documents, annotated indexes, legal documents, submissions, transcripts, correspondence/letters, genealogy charts, and the Final Report in English and French. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Historical background, submissions, and recommendations from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine if Canada breached its obligations in taking an invalid surrender and in its subsequent disposition of the land. ICC found that James Smith Cree Nation was not owed any lawful obligations, but recommended that Canada's obligations dealing with the disposition of IR100A be negotiated with Cumberland House Cree Nation. Commissioners include: Renée Dupuis and Alan C. Holman.

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Contents include historical documents, treaties, maps, field notes, reports, interview transcripts, census records, submissions and the French and English versions of the Final Report. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Contents include reports, legal documents, transcripts, field books, submissions and English and French versions of the Final Report. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Concludes that no outstanding treaty land entitlement is owed to the James Smith Cree Nation. Commissioners include: Renée Dupuis and Alan C. Holman. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical background, submissions and findings from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing regarding disputed land entitement and to determine whether James Smith Cree Nation and Cumberland Band 100A were lawfully amalgamated in 1902.. ICC found amalgamation agreement invalid and Canada breached its Treaty and fiduciary duties by failing to obtain the informed consent of the entire Cumberland Band. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

An interview discussing various topics: evidence given to the Office of Specific Claims and Research by Jim Black; signing of Treaty #7; an account of the CPR line being taken through Blackfoot Reserveterritory; a description of two murders: Frank Skynner killed by Scrapings, and Charcoal's murder of Medicine Pipe Stem; the surrender of Blackfoot Reserve land; and an understanding of land rights.

Tells something of life before the taking of treaty, and his interpretation of Treaty #6.

Photograph and biography of Jimmy Chief of Onion Lake, Saskatchewan.

Historical note:

Jimmy Chief was a grandson of Chief Seekaskootch who signed Treaty Six at Fort Pitt on 15 September 1876 for the Onion Lake Band.

Describes the establishment of reserves for the Alexis and Paul bands after the signing of Treaty #6.

John Breretton talks about the need to investigate what money is owing to Indian and Metis people.

John Brown tells his father's story about the taking of and interpretation of Treaty #6.

Talks about the taking of Treaty #6 and his understanding of the terms of the agreement as well as changes in lifestyle after treaty.

Describes how Treaty #6 brought peace but also many undesirable effects.

Examines the historical reasons for treaties and comments on the failure of treaty implementation.

Honourable Justice Ian Binnie, Supreme Court of Canada, speaks at the Symposium on Reconciliation in Toronto, Ontario, February, 2011. Duration: 4:50. Part 5 of 5.

Biography of KamÐYistowesit (also known as Beardy) a Plains Cree Chief (c. 1828-1889) who fought for the entitlements of Treaty 6. Accessible from Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online.

History Thesis (Ph.D.)--West Virginia University, 1972.

Band position was that it was entitled to additional land and monies under the conditions of Treaty No. 6 signed 1876.

Saskatchewan Court of Appeal states that land entitlement is to be calculated according to the band size on or about date of Treaty adherence.

Introduction to George Lafond and his mandate, as Treaty Commissioner of Saskatchewan. Article located by scrolling to page B-11.

Reports on Commission's activities, Thurnderchild mediation, Moosomin claim and Clench Defalcation claim. Complete issue on one pdf.

Reviews claims by the Cumberland House Cree Nation, the James Smith Cree Nation, the Chakastaypasin Claim and Betsiamites Band claim. Complete issue on one pdf.

Reports on Commission's first successful inquiry at Cold Lake and the guidelines used to verify treaty land entitlement claims. Complete issue on one pdf.

Interpretation of Treaty #6 from stories told by his father, his uncles and his mother.

Lesson One: Classroom Introduction to the Theme. Lesson Two: At The Museum. Lesson Three: When a Museum Visit Isn't Possible. Lesson Four: Classroom Wrap-Up. Incorporates materials found at Western Development Museums. Saskatchewan. Education Teacher's Guide for Native Studies 30.

History Thesis (M.A.)--University of Calgary, 2002.

A 70 year old lady gives her interpretation of Treaty #6 and discusses the loss of treaty status by women who marry non-treaty men.

Comments on the River People, their adherence to Treaty 6, and how the 1885 resistance scattered most of the band.

Found that Canada owes an outstanding lawful obligation to provide land to the Lucky Man First Nation under terms of Treaty 6 and recommended that the treaty land entitlement claim be accepted for negotiation under Canada's Specific Claim Policy. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Brief history of the Makwa Lake Cree Band who signed Treaty 6 in 1876.

Displays a map of Saskatchewan showing boundaries of Treaty 8, 10, 6, 5, 4 and 2.