Colonial

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The Governor's Letters: Uncovering Colonial British Columbia

Archival » Collections (primary materials)
Author/Creator
[Jenny Clayton
Lindsay Gibson
Martin Holmes
Critical Thinking Consortium]
Website provides learning materials about the colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia before the province was created. Contains links to complete collection of correspondence from 1846 to 1871. One section of teacher material deals with question "Were the Douglas Treaties and the Numbered Treaties Fairly Negotiated?"
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Guest Editorial: The Question of Making Native Space

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Daniel Clayton
BC Studies, no. 138/139, Native Geographies, Summer/Autumn, 2003, pp. 5-11
Discusses Cole Harris's contributions to the fields of geography and British Columbian research and his book Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia.
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The Haldimand Agreement: A Continuing Covenant

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Michael P. P. Simon
American Indian Culture and Research Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 1983, pp. 27-50
Historical review of the Iroquois and the continuing dispute over inherent sovereign rights from the signing, in 1784, up to the appeal at the United Nations in 1945.
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Halfbreeds: Primary Source Material

Alternate Title
Claims and Historical Research Centre ; B.27
Half-Breeds: Primary Source Material
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Dennis Madill
Sources include Record Group 10 records relating to Indian Affairs (1872-1950), Sir John A. Macdonald Papers, Alexander Mackenzie Papers, David Laird Papers, Alexander Morris Papers, Edgar Dewdney Papers, and L. Vankoughnet Letterbooks.
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Harry Daniels, Gabriel Daniels, Leah Gardner, Terry Joudrey and the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples and Her Majesty the Queen, as Represented by the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and the Attorney General of Canada: Reasons For Judgment

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Federal Court of Canada
Federal court case to decide if non-status Indian and Métis should be identified as "Indians" under the Constitution Act, 1867.
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History of Canadian Indians: 1763-1840

Alternate Title
Canada and Its Provinces, Vol. IV
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Duncan C. Scott
Overview of history concerning First Nations in Canada, including government policy, war and conflict, Indian Affairs, rights, religious instruction and education. Excerpt from: Canada and Its Provinces, Vol. IV, edited by Adam Shortt and Arthur Doughty.
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History of Canadian Indians: 1840-1867

Alternate Title
Canada and Its Provinces, Vol. V
E-Books » Chapters
Author/Creator
Duncan C. Scott

Overview of the history of First Nations people, with special attention given to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Topics covered include: education, legal status and the Indian Affairs Department. Excerpt from: Canada and Its Provinces, Vol. V, edited by Adam Shortt and Arthur Doughty.

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The History of Federal Indian Policies

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Robert J. Miller
A short history of the policies between European countries, and later the United States government and tribal governments.
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History of Indian Policy

Alternate Title
Background Paper (Indian and Eskimo Affairs) ; no. 2
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Department of Indian and Northern Canada
Policy Planning and Research
This paper covers subjects such as early administration of Aboriginals in Canada, the development of an Indian Policy by Confederation in 1867, the 1951 Indian Act, and the implementation of the White Paper in 1969.
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Hostile Nations: Quantifying the Destruction of the Sullivan-Clinton Genocide of 1779

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Rhiannon Koehler
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 4, Fall, 2018, pp. 427-453
Using the United Nations’ 1948 definition of genocide and the framework of settler colonialism as lenses, author examines the 1779 efforts of George Washington and the other military men he enlisted (Generals John Sullivan, James Clinton, Horatio Gates; Colonels Daniel Brodhead and Goose van Schaick) to “annihilate the Haudenosaunee” in order to clear lands for settler occupation.
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How The Queen's Law Came To Cowichan

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Graham Brazier
The Beaver, vol. 81, no. 6, December/January 2001/2002, pp. 31-[?]
Discusses how pretext of enforcing British law was used to force the Cowichan to submit to British authority and gain access to their land without an agreement.
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'If anything Is to be done with the Indian, we must catch him very young': Colonial Constructions of Aboriginal Children and the Geographies of Indian Residential Schooling in British Columbia, Canada

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Sarah de Leeuw
Children's Geographies, vol. 7, no. 2, May 2009, pp. 123-140
Focuses on the centrality of Indigenous children and related concepts of childhood to colonial projects in Canada and, more specifically, in the province of British Columbia.
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Imperial or Settler Imperative? Indigenous Reserves as a Case Study for a Transcolonial Analysis of British Imperial Indigenous Policy

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Darren Reid
Arbutus Review, vol. 8, no. 1, 2017, pp. 55-71
Based on a comparison of correspondence between local and imperial administrators in British North America and Australia, argues that development of system reveals entrenched conflict which lasted throughout the nineteenth century.
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The Importance of Oral and Extrinsic Historical Evidence in Understanding Indian Treaties

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
John F. Leslie
Archivaria, no. 53, Spring, 2002, pp. [122]-129
Review essay on: The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7 by Treaty 7 Elders and Tribal Council with Walter Hildebrandt, Sarah Carter, and Dorothy First Rider. Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties by Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller, and Frank Tough. Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior by William C. Wicken.
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In the Time of the Making of Treaties

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Margaret R. Stobie
Manitoba History, no. 10, Autumn, 1985, p. [?]
Describes context and events surrounding the negotiation of Treaty No. 6.
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An Inca Account of the Conquest of Peru

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Jonathan D. Steigman
Studies in American Indian Literatures, vol. 22, no. 2, Summer, 2010, pp. 86-89
Book review of: An Inca Account of the Conquest of Peru by Titu Cusi Yupanqui ; translated by Ralph Bauer. Entire issue on one pdf. To access review, scroll to page 86.
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An Indelible Stain

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Peter Read
Aboriginal History , vol. 25, Aboriginality in Southeastern Australia, 2001, pp. 295-297
Book review of: An Indelible Stain by Henry Reynolds. Review located by scrolling to page 295.
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Indian Act: An Historical Perspective

Articles » General
Author/Creator
John F. Leslie
Canadian Parliamentary Review, vol. 25, no. 2, Summer, 2002, pp. 23-27
An overview of the evolution of the legislation from the first consolidation of the Indian Act in1876 to First Nations Land Management Act in 1999.
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Indian Affairs Documents: MG H54

Archival » Collections (primary materials)
Author/Creator
Government of Canada. Indian Affairs
Contains 90 documents, donated from the Lord Beaverbrook collection, dating from the 18th and 19th centuries relating to early New Brunswick which includes some concerning land disputes.
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Indian Agent Set a Bad Precedent

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
Leader Post, April 19, 2004, p. B1
Historical overview of the destructive policies of Hayter Reed, who spent much of his career in Indian Affairs was deputy superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1893-1897.
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