Assimilation

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Court Affirms Education Rights

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Joan Taillon
Windspeaker, vol. 19, no. 6, October 2001, p. 11

Examines the decision by the Court of Appeal regarding the violation of Cree rights by the Canadian and Quebec governments.

Entire issue on one pdf. To access article scroll to p.11.

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Cree Camp on the Prairies

Images » Photographs
A photograph of a camp of Cree people on the prairie, probably sometime between 1890 and 1930. Many wear western clothing, some women with formal dresses and caps. A man with his back to camera wears some traditional clothing adorned with feathers. Picture possibly taken by George Mann family who worked with Cree people in Onion Lake, Saddle Lake and Hobbema reserves between 1883 and 1916. Members of the family were known to continue to visit these areas well into the 1920s.
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Cree Elders Workshop 10

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Charley Buffalo Calf
Jim Hoostie
Pius Dustyhorn
Alex Bonaise
Alex Stick
Eli Bear
Jim Kanipitetew
Jonas Lariviere
George Morningstar
John Rockthunder
Mrs. Waskewitch
Mrs. Alec Child
Eva Paskimin
Indian History Film Project
Discussion by Elders who express regrets at loss of traditional customs and values and desire a return of schools on reserves ; a need to preserve Indian ceremonies and Indian medicines ; concerns about problems with alcohol recur throughout.
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Cree Elders Workshop 8

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Sandy Lonethunder
Jim Ryder
Jim Hoostie
Alex Bonaise
John Cappo
Alex Stick
Alex B. Kennedy
John Rockthunder
Albert Waskewitch
Mr. Star
Aubrey Gaforth
Indian History Film Project
Discussion of the educational system: relative merits of day schools, residential schools, integrated schools, etc.; need for inclusion of Indian culture into the curriculum at all levels ; the role of the elder as teacher.
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A Critical Analysis of Self-Governance Agreements Addressing First-Nations Control of Education in Canada

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Gerald Fallon
Jerald Paquette
Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, no. 132, April 11, 2012, pp. 1-28
Reviews policy papers, reports and self-governance agreements to show the present state of First-Nations rights to control education as well as forms of institutional arrangements and agreements for educational self-determination.
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Cultural Genocide in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Jon Reyhner
Navin Kumar Singh
Indigenous Policy Journal , vol. 21, no. 4, Winter, 2010
Comments on the importance of maintaining traditional values, cultures and languages in the effort to close the academic achievement gap that can be found between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students.
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Cultural Genocide in Canada? It Did Happen Here

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Ruth Amir
Aboriginal Policy Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2018, pp. 103-126
Discusses the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's position on residential schools, UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide and the Canadian government's position.
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The Cushman Indian Trades School and World War I

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Charles Roberts
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 3, Summer, 1987, pp. 221-239
Investigates the closing of the Cushman Indian Trade School in1920 due to the First World War, an influenza quarantine, and reduction of federal funding.
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Darkness Visible: Canada's War Against Indigenous Children

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Roland Chrisjohn
Pierre Loiselle
Lisa Nussey
Andrea Smith
Tara Sullivan
To access material, use the password "showarchive' & enter. You may need to scroll down to find particular materials. Analyzes the impact of the Canadian state on young Native people with resulting implications such as suicide, substance abuse, and exploitation.
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Dealing with Residential School Survivors: Reconciliation in International Perspective

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
J.R. Miller
Australasian Canadian Studies, vol. 26, no. 1, Conference Issue, 2008, pp. 59-90
Focuses on the history of the State/Church relationship in terms of the administration of Canadian schools and the reparations for survivors. Compares the Australian experience. Entire issue on one pdf. To access article scroll to p. 59. Paper presented at "ACSANZ (Association for Canadian Studies in Australia and New Zealand) 08".
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Demonstrating Success: The File Hills Farm Colony

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Sarah Carter
Prairie Forum, vol. 16, no. 2, Fall, 1991, pp. 157-183
History of the "model" colony which was used to demonstrate the success of government policies aimed at assimilating Aboriginals into mainstream Canadian society. Entire issue on one pdf. To access article, scroll down to appropriate page.
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Devils in Disguise: The Carnegie Project, the Cherokee Nation, and the 1960s

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Daniel M. Cobb
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 3, Summer, 2007, pp. 465-490
Article discusses the Carnegie English literacy program, the figures involved, its assimilative goals, and the way that the project interacted with the socio-political climate of the time.
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Digital Stories: First Nations Women Explore the Legacy of Residential Schools

Alternate Title
Am My Mother`s Daughter
Mary-Lou and Me
My Journey Into Motherhood
nikâwiy ekwa niya
Walking In A Good Way on Mother Earth
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Claudette Michell
Lisa Forbes
Lisa Murdock
Lorena Fontaine
Roberta Stout
Wendy McNab
Six brief videos by daughters of women who are residential school survivors. Done in conjunction with the kiskinohamâtôtâpânâsk: Inter-generational Effects on Professional First Nations Women Whose Mothers are Residential School Survivors project.
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Dis/engagement: Zitkala-Ŝa's Letters to Carlos Montezuma, 1901-1902

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Ruth Spack
MELUS, vol. 26, no. 1, Varieties of the Ethnic Experience, Spring, 2001, pp. 172-204
Article explores the biographical, historical and sociocultural context of the correspondence housed by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
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Documenting the Dakota: Lucy Margaret Baker

Alternate Title
Lucy Margaret Baker Fonds (F 375)
Archival » Collections (primary materials)
Author/Creator
Saskatchewan Archives Board
Records in the Margaret Baker fonds collection tell the story of the development of the Wahpeton reserve and Lucy Baker's activities as a missionary teacher. Reflects stereotypical views of the time.
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Drastic Facts about Our Indians and Our Indian System

Alternate Title
Our Forlorn Indians
What's the Matter with Our Indians?
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Richard H. Pratt]

Founder of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and proponent of residential school system in the U.S., argues that assimilation is required "to help the Indians to progress into civilization".

Language and content reflect the attitudes of the times but would be considered offensive by modern standards.

 

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Due North: James Madison, the American Modern Wall of Separation, and the Canadian Indian Residential Schools: New Lessons Concerning Older Notions about the Separation of Church and State

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Daniel R. Gordon
Cumberland Law Review, vol. 32, no. 2, 2001-2002, pp. 281-310
Argues that the Canadian experience of joint government/church involvement in residential schools proves the validity of American policy of separation of church and state, and the court decisions which upheld it.
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“Each has a house of her own”: Purpose, Domesticity and

Agency of First Nations Women in Canada’s Industrial School

System, 1883-1923

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Sarah Nason
Mount Royal Undergraduate Humanities Review, vol. 2, December 2014, pp. [20]-37
Discusses government's and churches' goals for female students, and their failure to achieve them. Focuses on schools located in Fort Qu'Appelle and North Battleford, Saskatchewan, and High River, Alberta.
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