War & Conflict

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The 107th "Timber Wolf" Battalion at Hill 70

Alternate Title
The One Hundred and Seventh "Timber Wolf" Battalion at Hill 70
Articles » General
Author/Creator
Steven A. Bell
Canadian Military History, vol. 5, no. 1, Spring, 1996, pp. 73-78
Discusses the formation and accomplishments of the battalion during World War I. The majority of the soldiers enlisted in the battalion were Aboriginal.
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1885 - Aftermath

Web Sites » Organizations
Author/Creator
Kurt Boyer
Our Legacy
kã-ki-pe-isi-nakatamãkawiyahk
Looks at the aftermath of the defeated Métis at the Battle of Batoche and the fallout of the North-West Resistance for what would later become Canada.
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1885 Canadian Pacific Railway Telegrams

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Jeremy Mohr
Saskatchewan History, vol. 68, no. 1, Spring, 2016, pp. 6-11
Brief article describes the Saskatchewan Archives acquisition of a ledger of telegraphs from the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) telegraph station at Clark’s Crossing, near Saskatoon, dated April 18 - June 26, 1885. Many telegraphs discuss the battles of the 1885 North-West Resistance, the capture of Louis Riel, and contain historically relevant names: Edgar Dewdney, Major General Middlton, Pasqua (Chief Paskwa), Pitikwahanapiwiyin (Chief Poundmaker), Mistahimaskwa (Chief Big Bear), Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald. Entire Issue on one .pdf, scroll to page 6.
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1885 / Fur Trade - 1970-1985. - Folder 1.

Alternate Title
Alberta's Past Comes Alive During Visit to Fort Pitt
Frog Lake - The North/South Conflict
Frog Lake and How It Really Happened
Frog Lake Massacre Story Retold
Oldtimer Recalls Oxcart, Indian Days
Archival » Archival Items
Author/Creator
J. S. Buller
John M Reoch
Grant MacEwan
Eugene Steinhauer
Mrs. Andrews
File contains newspaper articles, journal article, and personal narrative relating to the Frog Lake Massacre and the Frog Lake Reserve.
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1885 / Fur Trade - 1970-1985. - Folder 2.

Alternate Title
Defence of Big Bear
Our Captivity Ended
Prisoners of the Indians
The Siege of Fort Pitt
Archival » Archival Items
Author/Creator
Elizabeth M. McLean
William McKay
Francois Dufresne
Personal narrative of the daughter of Chief Trader W.J. McLean of the Hudson's Bay Company about her family's capture at Fort Pitt and subsequent transfer to Wandering Spirit's camp at Frog Lake during the conflict. The interpreter for Big Bear at his trial gives translation of the Cree leader's speech and recounts his own memories of the Frog Lake Massacre.
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The 1885 North-West Campaign Diary of Lieutenant R. Lyndhurst Wadmore, Infantry School Corps

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
R. Lyndhurst Wadmore
Saskatchewan History, vol. 42, no. 2, Spring, 1989, pp. 62-78
Wadmore was a Lieutenant in C Company, in Colonel Otter’s Battleford Column. Wadmore saw action at The Battle of Cutknife Hill, and participated in patrols related to the activities of Mistahimaskwa (Big Bear) and Pîhtokahanapiwiyin (Poundmaker). Entire issue on one .pdf, scroll to page 62.
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1885: Rebellion or Resistance?

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Darren Préfontaine]

Explains why the Metis prefer to use the word resistance to describe the conflicts labelled as the Red River Rebellion and North West Rebellion by the Canadian government and press.

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1978 Education and Elders Conference 1

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Dominic Eshkawkogan
Norman Agounie
Jim McGregor
Wilfred Owl
Ron Wakegijig
Smith Atimoyoo
Indian History Film Project
A conference where several speakers discuss the role of elders in educating young people and the loss of respect for the elders in modern Indian society. Transcribed by Joanne Greenwood.
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1978 Education and Elders Conference 2

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Jim McGregor
Leonard Nokis
Ed Newberry
Lawrence Mahdabee
Wildred Owl
Chief Chiblow
Violet Pitwanikwat
Indian History Film Project
A conference where several speakers discuss the role of the elders in guiding the younger generation and in preserving the past. Transcribed by Joanne Greenwood.
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1981 Elders' Conference 2/4

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ernest Tootoosis
Mani Boyd
Johnson Wanepee
Barney Dog
Jim Dumont
Ron Wakegijig
Dan Pine
Indian History Film Project
Elders discuss: loss of values; loss of language; the role of the old ceremonies; the responsibility of the elders to teach the young people.
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1981 Elders' Conference 4/4

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ernest Tootoosis
Mani Boyd
Johnson Wanepee
Barney Dog
Jim Dumont
Ron Wakegijig
Dan Pine
Indian History Film Project
A conference about prophecies and the recovery of traditional values, the role of Elders in the community, and the philosophy and practice of traditional medicine.
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1982 Elders Conference 2/5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ted Wheatley
Sam Osawamick
Ernest Debassigae
Joe Yellowhead
Kate Assinewe
Ron Wakegijig
Herman Atkinson
Charlie Neilson
James Mecas
Dan Pine
Louis Bruce
Noel Knockwood
Angus Pontiac
Ernest Tootoosis
Indian History Film Project
Elders discuss traditional religion, it's relationship to Christian religions and its place in traditional healingpractices.
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1982 Elders Conference 4/5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ted Wheatley
Sam Osawamick
Ernest Debassigae
Joe Yellowhead
Kate Assinewe
Ron Wakegijig
Herman Atkinson
Charlie Neilson
James Mecas
Dan Pine
Louis Bruce
Noel Knockwood
Angus Pontiac
Ernest Tootoosis
Indian History Film Project
A conference discussing comparison of Indian and Christian religions and religious ceremonies, traditional songs and dances, and history of Europeans in North America from the Indian viewpoint.
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1983 Elders' Conference 2/5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ted Wheatley
Ernest Benedict
Angus Nogongiig
Jim Dumont
Johnny Thomas
Sam Osawamick
Alex Fox
John Tootoosis
Louis Bruce
Sid Fiddler
Lawrence Tobacco
Mary Lou Fox
Eddie Benton
Herman Atkinson
Carl Roberts
Indian History Film Project
Talks about the traditional teacher in the University setting ; proposal for friendship ceremony between Iroquois and Ojibway ; the Iroquois confederacy ; Kootenay plains initiative to return to traditional lifestyles ; reflections on past and future wars ; and the importance of elders in recovery of traditional values.
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1983 Elders' Conference 3/5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ted Wheatley
Ernest Benedict
Angus Nogongiig
Jim Dumont
Johnny Thomas
Sam Osawamick
Alex Fox
John Tootoosis
Louis Bruce
Sid Fiddler
Lawrence Tobacco
Mary Lou Box
Eddie Benton
Herman Atkinson
Carl Roberts
Indian History Film Project
Talks of a prophecy about serpents which will fight over the Earth ; Hopi prophecies about the coming of the white man ; emphasis for unity among Indian peoples ; importance of living in harmony with nature ; and biblical stories through Indian eyes.
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1983 Elders' Conference 4/5

Alternate Title
Indian History Film Project
Oral History » Oral Histories
Author/Creator
Ted Wheatley
Ernest Benedict
Angus Nogongiig
Jim Dumont
Johnny Thomas
Sam Osawamick
Alex Fox
John Tootoosis
Louis Bruce
Sid Fiddler
Lawrence Tobacco
Mary Lou Fox
Eddie Benton
Herman Atkinson
Chief Carl Robert
Indian History Film Project
The role of education in the loss of spiritual and cultural values ; evidence of previous and planned oppression by non-Indians ; revival of interest in traditional values and the role ofelders as a source of knowledge.
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200 Years of Terra Nullius

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Henry Reynolds
Aboriginal Law Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 53, December 1991, p. 11
Discussion of the "empty land lie", arguing that the fundamental issue was dispossession and that all other issues stemmed from it in some way.
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91st Battalion, Qu'Appelle, N.W.T. - [1885?].

Images » Photographs
Author/Creator
[O.B. Buell] (photographer)
Group photograph of the 91th Battalion of Winnipeg. Men in photograph not identified by rows; Lieut.Col. Thos. Scott, M.P., Commanding; Majors, D.H. McMillan and Stuart Mulvey; Adjutant, Capt. W.C. Copeland; Quartermaster, Capt. W.H. Bruce; Surgeon, Maurice M. Seymour; Asst.-Surgeon, Frank Keele; Inspector of Musketry, A.W. Laws; Capts. J.A. McD. Rowe, Thos. Wastie, Wm. Sheppard, S.J. Jackson, J.H. Kennedy, J.C. Waugh, R.W.A. Rolph, Jno. Crawford; Liets., F.I. Bamford, E.C. Smith, R.C. Brown, J.B. Rutherford, Major A. Cotes, Feo. A. Gilan, A. Monkman, A.P. Cameron; 2nd Lieuts., W.J.
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Aaron Huey: America's Native Prisoners of War

Alternate Title
TED Talks
Media » Film and Video
Author/Creator
Aaron Huey
Talk by the photographer and activist accompanies slide show of his photographs taken at the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. In it, he talks about the history of the government's treatment of the Sioux and how it has led to the appalling circumstances present on the Reservation today. Duration: 15:27.
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Aboriginal Aspirations

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre
Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal, vol. 9, no. 4, December 1985, pp. 42-48
Chronicles the systematic discrimination and racism that occurred with the, 'colonizing' process in Tasmania and how Aboriginals are entitled to some Crown land being returned.
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Aboriginal Canadians' Contribution During Wartime

Web Sites » Governmental
Author/Creator
Veterans Affairs Canada
Contains links to: Aboriginal Canadians in the Second World War, Aboriginal Members of the Forces, Aboriginal Spiritual Journey, Heroes Remember Interviews, etc.
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Aboriginal Constable

Images » Photographs

A photograph of an Aboriginal (Cree) man wearing a military style outfit and holding a rifle. He wears a gun belt with ammunition and a revolver on his right hip. The gun belt and revolver are probably George Mann Jr's property, and it is likely that he staged this photograph. A gun belt and revolver are artifacts held by a direct descendant of Mann Jr. Picture was possibly taken on Onion Lake or Saddle Lake reserve between 1900 and 1930. Mann was known to visit these areas well into the 1920s.

 

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Aboriginal Documentary Heritage: Historical Collections of the Canadian Government

Web Sites » Governmental
Author/Creator
Library and Archives Canada
Website deals with the relationship between the federal government and Aboriginal peoples from the late 1700s to the mid-20th century. Site is divided into three sections: Red and Black Series, Treaties, Surrenders and Agreements, and Aboriginal Soldiers in the First World War.
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The Aboriginal Embassy: An Account of the Protests of 1972

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
S. Robinson
Aboriginal History, vol. 18, 1994, pp. 49-63
Comments on the violent confrontations between Aboriginal people, their supporters and the police over notions of Black Power and dispossession of land.
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Aboriginal Military Service and Assimilation

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Noah Riseman
Aboriginal History, vol. 38, 2014, pp. 155-178
Focuses on three Aboriginal veterans and the prejudices they faced as they attempted to assimilate into mainstream Australian society.
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Aboriginal People and Imperialism in the Western Hemisphere

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Rozanne Dunbar Ortiz
Monthly Review, vol. 44, no. 4, September 1992, pp. 1-[?]
Describes how the effects of colonization reduced indigenous populations by as much as ninety per cent in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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Aboriginal Peoples

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador
Information on the Beothuks, Innu, Mi'kmaq and Inuit of Newfoundland and Labrador. Topics include history, culture, land use, land claims and impact of non-Aboriginal activities.
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Aboriginal Peoples and Hegemony in Canada

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Peter Kulchyski
Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 30, no. 1, Spring, 1995, pp. 60-68
Explores three themes: hegemony, resistance, and identity.
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Aboriginal-Police Relations and Policing Occupations

Alternate Title
Discussion Paper on Policing Occupations and Police/Aboriginal Relations
Ipperwash Discussion Paper
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Nye Thomas
Analyzes what makes Aboriginal protests unique, law enforcement's ability to deal with conflicts given the issues involved, the Ontario Provincial Police's Framework for Police Preparedness for Aboriginal Critical Incidents and role that First Nations' police might play in improving relations.
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The Aboriginal Tasmanians

Book Reviews
Author/Creator
Russell McGregor
Aboriginal History, vol. 20, 1996, pp. 229-230
Book review of: The Aboriginal Tasmanians by Lyndall Ryan. Review located by scrolling to 229.
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Aboriginal Veterans & Warriors

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Suzanne Methot]
Teacher resource suitable for Grades 6, 7, 8 and 10. Primarily uses 55 Years of Resistance Comic Book by Gord Hill and Native Soldiers, Foreign Battlefields by Janice Summerby.
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Aboriginal Veterans Were Left on Their Own

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
Leader Post, November 12, 2002, p. B1
Describes why post-traumatic stress syndrome had such a dramatic effect on Aboriginal veterans of WWII.
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Aboriginal Vets Proud of Service in Korea

Articles » General
Author/Creator
Doug Cuthand
Leader Post, August 5, 2003, p. B1
Comments on the restitution given to First Nations veterans from the Korean War in regards to being shortchanged benefits.
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