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Module 3: People of the Coast

Alternate Title
CS 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I
Module Three: People of the Coast
University of the Arctic – CS 321
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Michel Bouchard
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Ludmilla Zhukova
Jeremei Gabyshev
Ken Coates ... [et al.]]
Description
Overview of traditional livelihoods of the Aleut and Iñupiat of Northern Alaska; the Yupiit and Chukchi of the Russian Far East; the Inuit of Nunavut; the Isertormeeq, Kalaallit and Kujataamiut of Greenland; and the coastal Sami people of the European Far North. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 4: Changes in Expressions of Cultural Identity in

Greenland and Northern Europe

Alternate Title
CS 322: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World II
Module Four: Changes in Expressions of Cultural Identity in Greenland and Northern Europe
University of the Arctic – CS 322
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 322]
[Cultural Identity In Northern Europe And Greenland]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Heather Exner
Greg Poelzer
Tamara Andreyeva
Kristina Fagan
Heather Harris
Terry Wotherspoon ... [et al.]]
Description
Looks at how peoples of Greenland and Northern Europe have used media, literary works, and education to express their Indigenous identities. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 4: People of the Tundra and Mountains

Alternate Title
CS 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I
Module Four: People of the Tundra and Mountains
University of the Arctic – CS 321
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Michel Bouchard
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Ludmilla Zhukova
Jeremei Gabyshev
Ken Coates ... [et al.]]
Description
Discusses the switch from small-scale to large-scale reindeer herding and reasons for the change. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 4: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar North

Alternate Title
BCS 100: Introduction to the Circumpolar North
Module Four: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar North
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 100]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Tuula Tuisku
Kathleen Osgood
Description
Describes the peoples of the North, making distinctions between settlement patterns, migration, and assimilation of different ethnic groups. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 4: Peoples of the Reindeer

Alternate Title
Module Four: Peoples of the Reindeer
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I]
[Section Two: Primary Societies]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Michel Bouchard
Jeremei Gabyshev
Description
Overview of reindeer biology, life style of herders, circumstances which led to intensification of herding and subsequent changes in Sami social organization. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 5: Changes Prior to Modern State Formation: Migration, Exploration, Trading and Taxation

Alternate Title
CS 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I
Module Five: Changes Prior to Modern State Formation: Migration, Exploration, Trading and Taxation
University of the Arctic – CS 321
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Michel Bouchard
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Ludmilla Zhukova
Jeremei Gabyshev
Ken Coates ... [et al.]]
Description
Overview of the impact European explorers, traders and settlers had on traditional livelihoods of Indigenous peoples of the circumpolar North. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 5: Research in the North: Emerging Issues and Practices

Alternate Title
CS 322: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World II
Module Five: Research in the North: Emerging Issues and Practices
University of the Arctic – CS 322
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 322]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Heather Exner
Greg Poelzer
Tamara Andreyeva
Kristina Fagan
Heather Harris
Terry Wotherspoon ... [et al.]]
Description
Discusses past and emerging practices, giving examples of projects taking place throughout the circumpolar region. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 7: Consolidation

Alternate Title
CS 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I
Module Seven: Consolidation
University of the Arctic – CS 321
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Michel Bouchard
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Ludmilla Zhukova
Jeremei Gabyshev
Ken Coates ... [et al.]]
Description
Looks at ways in which governments and social agencies disrupted traditional settlement patterns of northern peoples and effects of industrialization using examples from Canada, Russia, Norway, and Alaska. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 7: Modern State–Building and Indigenous Peoples

Alternate Title
Module Seven: Modern State–Building and Indigenous Peoples
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I]
[Section Three: Secondary Societies]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Description
Overview of emergence and characteristics of the Russian, Canadian, Norwegian, Swedish, and Finnish states and how the different regimes impacted the peoples of the circumpolar North. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 8: Identity and Language

Alternate Title
Module Eight: Identity and Language
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 322: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World II]
[Section Four: Expressions of Self-Determination in Greenland, the North Atlantic, and Northern Scandinavia]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Hans-Jørgen Wallin Weihe
Description
Discusses social construction of language with emphasis on the influence of living conditions, lifestyle, population changes and national policy. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 8: Reindeer Herding and Traditional Resource Use

Alternate Title
Module Eight: Reindeer Herding and Traditional Resource Use
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 331: Contemporary Issues of the Circumpolar World I]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Andrei Golovnev
Description
Discusses reindeer husbandry as a system of northern adaptation and traditional circumpolar resource use, its ecological and historical roots, and ethnic and geographic diversity. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 8: Self-Determination throughout History

Alternate Title
CS 321: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World I
Module Eight: Self-Determination throughout History
University of the Arctic – CS 321
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 321]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Michel Bouchard
Greg Poelzer
Heather Exner
Ludmilla Zhukova
Jeremei Gabyshev
Ken Coates ... [et al.]]
Description
Discusses northern movements for regional and Indigenous autonomy and cultural self-determination. Includes three examples: Greenland, Nunavut, and the Sami people of Northern Europe. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Module 9: Sami Media, Arts, and Literature

Alternate Title
Module Nine: Sami Media, Arts, and Literature
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 322: Peoples and Cultures of the Circumpolar World II]
[Section Four: Expressions of Self-Determination in Greenland, the North Atlantic, and Northern Scandinavia]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Vuokko Hirvonen
Description
Brief explanation of how identity and culture are expressed in each of these areas. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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[Module 9]: The Well-being of Northern Peoples and Communities

Alternate Title
Module Nine: The Well-being of Northern Peoples and Communities
University of the Arctic – BCS 100
[Bachelor of Circumpolar Studies (BCS) 100: Introduction to the Circumpolar World]
[Section Two: Contemporary Issues]
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Larissa Riabova
Description
Discusses the concept and assessment of well-being, compares major trends in health status, income, unemployment, etc. internationally and nationally, and looks at problems in social services delivery. Developed for class delivered by the University of the Arctic.
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Multiculturalism Policy Index: Indigenous Peoples

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Adrienne Davidson
Veldon Coburn
Description
Nine indicators used: recognition of land/title, self-government rights, cultural rights, and customary law, upholding historic treaties and/or signing new treaties, guarantees of representation/consultation in central government, affirmation of distinct status, support/ratification for international instruments, and affirmative action. 2nd edition.
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Multiculturalism Policy Index: Indigenous Peoples

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Veldon Coburn
Description
Nine indicators were used: recognition of land/title, self-government, customary law, and culture; legal affirmation of distinct status, support/ratification for international indigenous rights instruments, affirmative action, upholding and/or signing new treaties, and guarantees of representation/consultation in central government.
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The Mystery of the "North of the North" in Ibsen's Works

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Jon Nygaard
Nordlit, no. 34, 2015, pp. [181]-187
Description
Discusses Ibsen's understanding of the Sami or Finns which was limited and reflective of a new interest in sagas and the pre-history of Norway.
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The Native American Image in Western Europe

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
James H. Howard
American Indian Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 1, 1978, pp. 33-56
Description
A discussion about an American anthropologist's European visit to identify how Europeans view American Indigenous populations. During his investigation he looks at European depictions of Indigenous people in museums and libraries, Indigenous influences in European culture, and compares smaller European societies also struggling for their own cultural autonomy to those of American Indigenous people.
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The New Developments Regarding the Saami Peoples of the North

Alternate Title
The New Developments Regarding the Sami Peoples of the North
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Malgosia Fitzmaurice
International Journal on Minority & Group Rights , vol. 16, no. 1, 2009, pp. 67-156
Description
Examines new legislation put into effect in Norway, the Norwegian Finnmark Act, the Draft Sami Convention, and the right to self-determination.
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Night Village and the Coming of Men of the Word: The Supernatural as a Source of Meaning among Coastal Saami

Alternate Title
Night Village and the Coming of Men of the Word: The Supernatural as a Source of Meaning among Coastal Sami
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Robert Paine
Journal of American Folklore, vol. 107, no. 425, Summer, 1994, pp. 343-363
Description
Discusses a village situated between the nomadic culture of the interior and Norwegian culture of the coast and effects living on that boundary has had on beliefs about supernatural beings.
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No Beginning, No End: The Sami Speak Up

Alternate Title
Circumpolar Research Series ; no. 5
E-Books
Author/Creator
Kirsti Paltto
Kerttu Vuolab
Eino Guttorm
Inger-Mari Aikio
Nils-aslak Valkeapää
Elina Helander
Kaarina Kailo ... [et al.]
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No Past, No Name, No Place? Urban Sámi Invisibility and Visibility in the Past and Present

Alternate Title
No Past, No Name, No Place? Urban Sami Invisibility and Visibility in the Past and Present
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Mikkel Berg-Nordlie
Aboriginal Policy Studies, vol. 9, no. 2, 2021, pp. 96-113
Description
Discussion of Sami urbanization, urbanity, and their absence in the local culture in Scandinavia. Focuses on resistance to including Sami place names on signage and lack of public monuments which acknowledge their existence and contributions to society.
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Nomadic Circle of Life

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Kaarina Kailo
Elina Helander
ReVision, vol. 28, no. 1, 1998, pp. [14-?]
Description
Sociolinguist explains Sámi traditional knowledge systems, spirituality and culture.
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Nomadising Sami Collections

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Eva Silvén
Description
Discusses three national museums in Stockholm with different but interconnected collections. Paper from Conference Current Issues in European Cultural Studies organized by the Advanced Cultural Studies Institute of Sweden, 2011.
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Nordic Saami Convention

Alternate Title
Nordic Sami Convention
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
[Expert Committee of the Draft Nordic Saami Convention?]
Description
Text of the Convention in English (unofficial translation).
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The North and the Depiction of the Finnar in the Icelandic Sagas

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Jeremy DeAngelo
Scandinavian Studies, vol. 82, no. 3, Fall, 2010, pp. 257-286
Description
Discusses the stereotypical portrayal of the Finnar (the Sami and the Finns) in various stories. The most negative depiction being Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla.
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North to North: The New Discourse

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Aron Senkpiel
Northern Review, no. 21, Summer, 2000, pp. 11-18
Description
Comments on the changes in the world during the twelve years this journal has been published.
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Northern Environmental Assessment: A Gap Analysis and Research Agenda

Alternate Title
ReSDA Gap Analysis Report ; no.5
Resources and Sustainable Development n the Arctic (ReSDA) Gap Analysis Report ; no.5
Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Bram Nobel
Kevin Hanna
Jill Gunn
Description
Looks at the effectiveness of environmental assessments in the north and addresses research gaps.
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Norwegian Legislation and Administration: Saami Land Rights

Alternate Title
Gáldu Čála ; no. 1, 2007
Galdu Cala ; no. 1, 2007
Norwegian Legislation and Administration: Sami Land Rights
E-Books
Author/Creator
Eva Josefsen
Description
Looks at important acts which govern land use and ownership, as well as some Supreme Court judgments after 1968.
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Nursing During World War II: Finnmark County, Northern Norway

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Ingrid Immonen
International Journal of Circumpolar Health, vol. 72, 2013, p. article no. 20278
Description
Study chronicles the challenges faced by health care providers dealing with shortages of supplies and personnel during World War II.
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Of the Heart: Scoping Review of Indigenous Youth Suicide and Prevention

Documents & Presentations
Author/Creator
Rita Henderson
Lindsay Crowshoe
Brittany Johnson
Naomi Parker
Stephanie Perrin ... [et al.]
Description
Sources of data: Indigenous advisors, academic and grey literature review, and environmental scan. Includes information on general context, promising practices, and knowledge gaps around service provision.
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On Saami Claims to Land and Water

Alternate Title
On Sami Claims to Land and Water
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Andreas Føllesdal
International Journal on Minority & Group Rights, vol. 8, no. 2/3, Special Issue on Sami Rights in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden, 2001, pp. 103-106
Description
Looks at the importance of handling claims politically, the challenges of developing appropriate legislation, historical injustices, and the impact of partial self-governance.
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One Health: A Strategy for Resilience in a Changing Arctic

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Bruce A. Ruscio
Michael Brubaker
Joshua Glasser
Will Hueston
Thomas W. Hennessy
International Journal of Circumpolar Health, vol. 74, 2015, p. article no. 27913
Description
Comments on the impact of climate change on the health of Arctic inhabitants and looks at ways of assessing the interface between human-animal-environment.
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Oral Health of Adults in Northern Norway: A Pilot Study

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Sarah M. Adekoya
Magritt Brustad
Norsk Epidemiologi, vol. 22, no. 1, Oral Helse, 2012, pp. 31-38
Description
Presents results of pilot study to develop and test tools for a larger epidemiological study of oral health.
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The Origin of Alcohol-Related Social Norms in the Saami Minority

Alternate Title
The Origin of Alcohol-Related Social Norms in the Sami Minority
Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Svein Larsen
Addiction, vol. 88, no. 4, April 1993, pp. 501-508
Description
Reports alcohol-related social norms came from the Laestadian (Lutheran) revival movement.
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Outlaws and Citizens: Indigenous People and the ‘New Media Nation’

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Valerie Alia
International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics, vol. 5, no. 1 & 2, 2009, p. 39–54
Description
Discusses the evolution of technologies used to restore and create space to preserve languages and cultures while communicating across cultural, political, and geographical boundaries.
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Overview of Ongoing Cohort and Dietary Studies in the Arctic

Articles » Scholarly, peer reviewed
Author/Creator
Pál Weihe
Peter Bjerregaard
Eva Bonefeld-Jøgensen
Alexey Dudarev
Jónrit Halling ... [et al.]
International Journal of Circumpolar Health, vol. 75, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program, 2016, pp. 1-12
Description
Overview of primary results from several research studies on population health from Russia, Norway, Greenland, Finland, Sweden and Canada.
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