Treaty 4

Author compares Quebec and First Nations aspirations to be recognized as nations within Canada.

Starblanket, Plains Cree Treaty 4 leader (c. 1845-1917) endeavoured throughout his life to obtain fulfillment of promises made by the Crown. Accessible from Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online.

Comments on the foundations on which treaty was based and that treaties were to be honoured forever. Duration: 9:55

Origins of the Assiniboine people and the establishment of the White Cap Reserve.

History of the White Bear Reserve at Moose Mountain. No date given, probably in the early 1970's.

History of the Qu'Appelle Valley Reserves. No date given, probably in the early 1970's.

Charles Ryder tells the story of the settlement of the Carry the Kettle (Assiniboine) Reserve. Also gives a detailed description of old agricultural practices. No date given, probably early 1970's.

Author of We are All Here to Stay: Between Canadian Sovereignty and First Nations' Self-Determination speaks about the need to return to the original intent of treaties as agreed upon by the British Crown, not as interpreted by subsequent governments. Duration: 1:23:24.

Treaty 4 bands deliver a deadline to the government to honour the 1976/77 Saskatchewan Formula Agreement on land entitlement.

Book review of: Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties by Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller, and Frank Tough.

Looks at the three main objectives of the Office of the Treaty Commissioner: recognize the past, resolve outstanding treaty issues and revive the treaty relationship through education. Duration: 11:59.

Links to information on treaties, laws, and events from the first contact to 2003.

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Contains historical documents, reports, legal submissions, correspondence/letters, transcripts, and maps regarding the specific land claim, concerning the surrender of reserve land, by Carry the Kettle First Nation. Commissioners include : Sheila Purdy, Alan Holman, and Jane Dickson-Gilmore. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Signatory to Treaty 4, they wanted a reserve west of Cypress Mountain but ended up at Indian Head.

Results of the 1988 claim under the Federal Specific Claims Policy which challenged the validity of the 1905 surrender of 5,760 acres of land from the Assiniboine Reserve No. 76. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical background, analysis and recommendations from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearings regarding claim that the First Nation was entitled to a reserve surveyed in the Cypress Hills. ICC concluded that no reserve had been created, but recommended that the Government of Canada acquire the site of the Cypress Hills Massacre and recognize its historical significance. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Agreement reached March 29, 1996 concerning land owed due to Treaty obligation.

Very brief profile Charles Cowley Pratt, an Anglican lay reader, schoolteacher, and interpreter for Treaty 4 at Fort Qu’Appelle in 1874.

ack of photo: Group of Cree Indians in gala attire, taken at the paying of Treaty money at File Hills Reserve. The dresses are very brilliant. The tall man at back of group is wearing an overall of vivid blue. The white cuffs and all cross stitch patterns are their own handiwork. Tiny white beads very closely and evenly sewn together forming the background for cross stitch diamonds, the squares and fringes done in brightly colored beads. The old man wearing a fur cap is a Chief, his name is Star Blanket. The very old man sitting in the centre is quite blind and over a hundred years old.

This file contains a carbon copy of a typescript of Laird's notes which give a detailed account of the individuals and incidents involved in the negotiations of the Qu'Appelle Treaty. The notes record the events, beginning on 8 September 1874 and concluding on 6 October 1874, which surrounded the treaty-making process.

Crown's text of Treaty 4, also known as the Qu'Appelle Treaty.

Historical background, analysis and recommendation from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine whether the federal government breached its fiduciary obligation when it conducted a surrender of part Reserve 73. ICC ruled 2 to 1 that a settlement should be negotiated under the Specific Claims Policy. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Historical background, submissions and recommendation from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine whether band members voting on surrender of part Reserve 73 were eligible under the Indian Act. ICC recommended the claim be accepted for negotiation under the Specific Claims Policy. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Agreement signed between Canada, Saskatchewan and the Cowessess First Nation Band, March 14, 1996.

An Indian Affairs book containing the annuity pay lists for the reserves of the Crooked Lake Agency for the year 1914. The book is signed by Indian Agent Arthur Boyer of Broadview, Saskatchewan. The Crooked Lake Agency was composed of four reserves: Sakimay Indian Reserve #74, Cowessess Indian Reserve #73, Kahkewistahaw Indian Reserve #72, and Ochapowace Indian Reserve #71. Included in the book are annuity figures for the Cowessess, Kahkewistahaw, and Sakimary First Nations for the year 1914.

Historical note:

Discusses treaty's spirit and intent as described in oral traditions of the Cree and Sauteaux who entered into it, and the resulting definitions of rights, obligations, sharing and other features of the agreement.

Discusses the importance of treaty education for all Saskatchewan students and looks at the resources needed for educators.

Indian interpretation of Treaty #4.

Historical background and issues involved in Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine the validity of the 1907 surrender. (French language version) Commissioners include: P.E. James Prentice and Roger J. Augustine. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Historical background, submissions and recommendations from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine if surrender was valid, complied with the provisions of the Indian Act and whether Canada's fiduciary obligations were met. ICC found that although the surrender was valid and unconditional, Canada had breached its pre-surrender fiduciary obligations in allowing it to take place. (French language version) Commissioners include: P.E. James Prentice and Roger J.

Final Report examines whether the claim of the Key Lake First Nations discloses a breach of Canada's "lawful obligations" to the First Nation under the Specific Claims Policy. (French language version) Commissioners include: P. E. James Prentice, Carole T. Corcoran, and Roger J. Augustine. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Final report examines historical background and submission to Indian Claims Commission (ICC) regarding whether the Crown breached its fiduciary obligation by allocating reserve land (IR 81) to people outside of the Band. ICC found Canada breached its obligations and recommended the claim be a negotiated under Canada's Specific Claims Policy. (French language version) Commissioners include: Alan C. Holman, Renee Dupuis, and Sheila G. Purdy. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Consists of historical documents, maps, correspondence/letters, bulletins, legal documents, transcripts, submissions and the English and French versions of the Final Report. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Looks at the history of Treaty Land Entitlement, the negotiations, and the conclusion. Total duration of four series: 68:21.

Historical background, submissions and recommendations from Indian Claims Commission (ICC) hearing to determine whether has an outstanding reserve land debt to the First Nation (formerly Fort Ellice) under the terms of Treaty 4. ICC recommended that calculation of the amount of land owed, be based on 1877 date of first survey. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Manitoba, 1987.

Includes definitions, schedules and articles.

Index to reports on Treaties, including historical Treaties. Also provides recommended format for citing these on-line reports.

Comments on Chief Daystar signing Treaty Number Four and selecting the land for his reserve based on a vision or a dream. Article located by scrolling to page 6.

In a ruling of 2-1, the ICC found that Canada did not breach it's fiduciary obligation, with one Commissioner recommending Canada negotiate the claim.

FILES CAN ONLY BE ACCESSED USING FIREFOX BROWSER. Includes maps, reports, historical documents, transcripts, correspondence, and oral and written submissions in regards to the 1906 Cowessess Surrender Claim. [These files were created and compiled by the ICC and provided to the Indigenous Studies Portal in 2009 to make widely available in online format.]

Students talk about the idea of treaty citizenship and relationship with Treaty 4 in Saskatchewan after attending a two-day youth conference with Life Speaker Noel Starblanket and Indigenous artist Ray Keighley.

Review essay on: The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7 by Treaty 7 Elders and Tribal Council with Walter Hildebrandt, Sarah Carter, and Dorothy First Rider. Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties by Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller, and Frank Tough. Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior by William C. Wicken.

Looks at the question of belonging, identity and gender equality and failure to address this in Bill C-3. Uses author's family story to show lack of Indian status or band membership in community.

Three pictures of an Indian battlefield near Shaunavon, Saskatchewan.

Contextualizes Chief Pasqua's recently rediscovered pictographs, that add to our knowledge about the western numbered treaty process.

Report includes inquiries and responses regarding: Gamblers First Nation Treaty Land Entitlement Inquiry; Nekaneet First Nation Agricultural and Other Benefit Under Treaty 4 Inquiry; Moose Deer Point First Nation, Pottawatomi Rights Inquiry. Commissioners include: Daniel J. Bellegarde, P. E. James Prentice, Roger J. Augustine, Carole T. Corcoran, Elijah Harper, and Sheila G. Purdy. [This file has been saved and made available online with permission from the Indian Claims Commission website before it closed down in March 2009.]

Report includes background documents, articles, comments and responses regarding the following cases: Standing Buffalo Dakota Nation, Flooding Negotiations (Mediation); Peepeekisis First Nation Inquiry, Fire Hills Colony Claim; Moosomin First Nation ,1909 Reserve Land Surrender (Mediation); Thunderchild First Nation, 1908 Surrender Claim (Mediation); and the Betsiamites Band, Highway 138 and Rivière Betsiamites Bridge Inquires. Commissioners include: Renée Dupuis, Daniel J. Bellegarde, Jane Dickson-Gilmore, Alan C. Holman, and Sheila G. Purdy.

Brief description of theTreaties that were concluded between 1871 and 1877.